Ubushobozi numutungo wambere wa bateri,selile ya litiroubushobozi buke nabwo nikibazo gikunze kugaragara mubitegererezo, umusaruro mwinshi, nigute ushobora guhita usesengura ibitera ibibazo byubushobozi buke bwahuye nabyo, uyumunsi kugirango nkumenyeshe niyihe mpamvu zitera selile ya batiri ya litiro nkeya?
Guhuza ibikoresho, cyane cyane hagati ya cathode na electrolyte, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubushobozi bwakagari.Kuri cathode nshya cyangwa electrolyte nshya, niba ibizamini bisubirwamo byerekana imvura igwa ya lithium ubushobozi buke igihe cyose selile igeragejwe, birashoboka cyane ko ibikoresho ubwabyo bidahuye.Kudahuza bishobora guterwa na firime ya SEI yashizweho mugihe cyo kuyikora ntabwo iba yuzuye bihagije, ikabyimbye cyane cyangwa idahindagurika, cyangwa PC muri electrolyte ituma igishushanyo mbonera cya grafitike, cyangwa igishushanyo cyakagari kidashobora kumenyera amafaranga menshi / igipimo cyo gusohora kubera ubwinshi bwubuso bukabije.
Diaphragms nayo ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera ubushobozi buke.Twabonye ko diafragma yakomeretse mu ntoki itanga iminkanyari mu cyerekezo kirekire hagati ya buri cyiciro, aho lithium itinjijwe bihagije muri electrode mbi bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa selile hafi 3%.Nubwo izindi moderi ebyiri zikoresha igice cyikora cyizunguruka mugihe inkari ya diaphragm iba mike cyane kandi ingaruka zubushobozi ni 1% gusa, ntabwo arishingiro ryo guhagarika ikoreshwa rya diafragma.
Ubushobozi budahagije bwo gushushanya bushobora no kuvamo ubushobozi buke.Bitewe n'ingaruka ziterwa na electrode nziza kandi itari nziza, ikosa ryo kugabanya ubushobozi n'ingaruka zifatika kubushobozi, ni ngombwa kwemerera umubare munini wubushobozi buke mugihe cyo gushushanya.Mugihe cyo gushushanya ubushobozi, birashoboka gusiga ibisagutse nyuma yo kubara ubushobozi bwibanze hamwe nibikorwa byose neza mumurongo wo hagati, cyangwa kubara ibisagutse nyuma yibintu byose bigira ingaruka kubushobozi byabaye kurwego rwo hasi.Kubikoresho bishya, gusuzuma neza ikibonezamvugo cya cathode muri sisitemu ni ngombwa.Ubushobozi bwigice cyigwizaho, kwishyuza gukata amashanyarazi, kugwiza / gusohora kugwiza, ubwoko bwa electrolyte, nibindi, byose bigira ingaruka kumikino ya cathode.Niba igishushanyo mbonera cyimikorere myiza yikibonezamvugo kiri hejuru muburyo bwogukora kugirango ugere kubushobozi bugenewe, ibi nabyo bihwanye nubushobozi budahagije bwo gushushanya.Ntakintu kibi kirimo isura ya selire, nta nubwo hari ikitagenda neza mubikorwa rusange, ariko ubushobozi bwakagari buri hasi.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bishya bigomba gusuzumwa kugirango bibone neza neza cathode, kuko ntabwo cathode imwe izaba ifite ikibonezamvugo kimwe na cathode cyangwa electrolyte.
Electrode irenze urugero irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya electrode nziza kurwego runaka, bityo bikagira ingaruka kubushobozi bwakagari.Kurenza urugero ntabwo "mugihe cyose nta mvura igwa".Niba ibintu birenze urugero byiyongereye kugeza kurwego rwo hasi rwimvura itagwa na lithium, hazabaho kwiyongera 1% kugeza 2% mumikorere myiza ya garama, ariko niyo byiyongera, umutwaro mubi uracyari uhagije kugirango umenye neza ubushobozi busohoka ni hejuru bishoboka.Iyo electrode mbi irenze urugero, electrode nziza izagira uruhare ruto kuko lithium nyinshi idasubirwaho irakenewe muri chimie, ariko birumvikana ko bishoboka ko ibi bibaho ntanumwe.
Iyo ingano yo gutera inshinge iri hasi, ingano yo kugumana amazi nayo izaba mike.Iyo ingano yo kugumana amazi ya selile iba mike, noneho ingaruka za lithium ion gushiramo no de-gushira muri electrode nziza kandi mbi bizagira ingaruka, bityo bikurura ubushobozi buke.Nubwo hazabaho umuvuduko muke kubiciro nibikorwa hamwe nubunini buke bwo gutera inshinge, intego yo kugabanya ingano yatewe inshinge igomba kuba itagira ingaruka kumikorere ya selile.Birumvikana ko kugabanya urwego rwuzura bizongera gusa amahirwe yo kuba ubushobozi buke kubera kubika amazi adahagije muri selire, ariko ntabwo ari ingaruka byanze bikunze.Muri icyo gihe, uko bigoye gufata amazi, niko electrolyte irenze urugero hagomba kubaho kugirango habeho imikoranire myiza na electrode mugihe cyo guhanagura electrolyte.Kugumana ingirabuzimafatizo zidahagije bizavamo electrode nziza kandi mbi yumye kandi igabanije imvura ya lithium hejuru ya electrode mbi, ishobora kuba intandaro yubushobozi buke kubera kugumana nabi.
Electrode itwikiriwe neza cyangwa itari nziza irashobora gutera mu buryo butaziguye ubushobozi buke.Iyo electrode nziza itwikiriwe byoroheje, isura yimbere yuzuye ntabwo izaba idasanzwe.Electrode itari nziza, nkuwakiriye lithium ion, igomba gutanga umubare munini wimyanya ya lithium yashyizwemo kuruta umubare wa lithium yatanzwe na electrode nziza, bitabaye ibyo lithium irenze izagwa hejuru ya electrode mbi, bikavamo urwego ruto ya lithium nyinshi.Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, kubera ko uburemere bwa electrode bubi budashobora gukurwa muburyo butaziguye bwo gutekesha ingirangingo, umuntu rero arashobora gukora ubundi bushakashatsi kugirango abone igipimo cyo kongera ibiro bibi bya electrode kugirango agabanye uburemere bwa coating binyuze muburemere bwo guteka bubi amashanyarazi.Niba electrode itari nziza yubushobozi buke ifite urwego ruto rwimvura ya lithium, birashoboka ko electrode itari nziza ihagije.Mubyongeyeho, cathode cyangwa mbi ya electrode itwikiriye uruhande rwa cathode nayo ishobora gutera ubushobozi buke, kandi na electrode mbi itwikiriye uruhande rumwe iroroshye cyane, kuko niyo icyuma cyiza cya electrode cyiza kiremereye, nubwo gukina gram bizagabanuka, ariko ubushobozi bwose buzabikora ntigabanuke ariko irashobora no kwiyongera.Niba electrode mbi itwikiriwe ahantu hadakwiye, kugereranya mu buryo butaziguye igipimo cy’uburemere ugereranije cy’impande imwe n’impande ebyiri nyuma yo guteka, igihe cyose amakuru asa na A uruhande rworoheje 6% kurenza uruhande rwa B, rushobora mubanze umenye ikibazo, byanze bikunze, niba ikibazo cyubushobozi buke gikomeye cyane, birakenewe ko duhinduranya uburinganire nyabwo bwuruhande rwa A / B.Niba ikibazo cyubushobozi buke bukomeye, birakenewe kurushaho gushishoza ubucucike nyabwo bwuruhande rwa A / B.Kuzunguruka byangiza imiterere yibikoresho, nabyo bigira ingaruka kubushobozi.Imiterere ya molekuline cyangwa atome yibikoresho nimpamvu yibanze ituma igira ibintu nkubushobozi, voltage, nibindi. Iyo ubucucike bwumuzingo mwiza wa electrode irenze agaciro kakozwe, electrode nziza izaba nziza cyane mugihe intandaro isenyutse.Niba guhuza electrode nziza ari nini cyane, igice cyiza cya electrode cyoroshye kumeneka nyuma yo kuzunguruka, nacyo kizatera ubushobozi buke.Ariko, nkuko guhuza electrode nziza bizatera igice cya pole kumeneka bikimara gukubitwa, imashini nziza ya electrode yimashini ubwayo isaba igitutu kinini, bityo rero inshuro yo guhura na electrode nziza yohasi iri munsi cyane ugereranije na electrode mbi.Iyo electrode itari nziza igabanijwe, umurongo cyangwa guhagarika imvura ya lithium bizashingwa hejuru ya electrode itari nziza, kandi umubare wamazi yagumishijwe mumyanya azagabanuka cyane.
Ubushobozi buke bushobora nanone guterwa n'amazi menshi.Ubushobozi buke burashoboka mugihe amazi arimo electrode mbere yo kuzuza, ikime cyikime cyikarito ya glove mbere yo kuzuza, amazi ya electrolyte arenze igipimo, cyangwa mugihe ubushuhe bwinjijwe mukidodo cya kabiri.Kurikirana umubare w'amazi urakenewe kugirango habeho intangiriro, ariko iyo amazi arenze agaciro runaka, amazi arenze ayo yangiza firime ya SEI kandi akarya umunyu wa lithium muri electrolyte, bityo bikagabanya ubushobozi bwibanze.Amazi arenze igipimo cya selile yuzuye yuzuye inzira mbi agace gato k'umukara wijimye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-16-2022