Batteri ya Litiyumu ni sisitemu ya bateri yihuta cyane mu myaka 20 ishize kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.Iturika rya terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa ni ikintu giturika cyane.Baterefone igendanwa na bateri zigendanwa zisa, uko zikora, impamvu ziturika, nuburyo bwo kubyirinda.
Ingaruka zo kuruhande zitangira kugaragara mugihe selile ya lithium irenze urugero kuri voltage irenze 4.2V.Iyo umuvuduko mwinshi urenze, niko ibyago byinshi.Kuri voltage iri hejuru ya 4.2V, mugihe munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cya atome ya lithium isigaye mubikoresho bya cathode, selile yo kubika akenshi irasenyuka, bigatuma ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanuka burundu.Niba amafaranga akomeje, ibyuma bya lithium bizakurikiraho bizarundarunda hejuru yibikoresho bya cathode, kubera ko ububiko bwa cathode bumaze kuzura atome ya lithium.Izi atome za lithium zikura kristu ya dendritic kuva hejuru ya cathode mu cyerekezo cya lithium.Lisiyumu ya kristu izanyura mu mpapuro za diaphragm, igabanya anode na cathode.Rimwe na rimwe, bateri iraturika mbere yumuzunguruko muto.Ibyo ni ukubera ko mugihe cyo kurenza urugero, ibikoresho nka electrolytike byacitse kugirango bitange gaze itera bateri ya batiri cyangwa valve yumuvuduko kubyimba no guturika, bigatuma ogisijeni ikora hamwe na atome ya lithium yegeranijwe hejuru ya electrode mbi hanyuma igaturika.
Kubwibyo, iyo bateri ya lithium yishyuye, birakenewe gushyiraho voltage ntarengwa, kugirango uzirikane ubuzima bwa bateri, ubushobozi, numutekano.Uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza voltage ntarengwa ni 4.2V.Hagomba kandi kubaho umuvuduko muke wa voltage mugihe selile ya lithium isohotse.Iyo voltage ya selile iguye munsi ya 2.4V, bimwe mubikoresho bitangira kumeneka.Kandi kubera ko bateri izisohora ubwayo, shyira igihe kinini voltage izaba munsi, kubwibyo, nibyiza kutarekura 2.4V kugirango ihagarare.Kuva kuri 3.0V kugeza kuri 2.4V, bateri ya lithium irekura hafi 3% yubushobozi bwabo.Kubwibyo, 3.0V nibyiza gusohora amashanyarazi.Iyo kwishyuza no gusohora, usibye imipaka ya voltage, imipaka iriho nayo irakenewe.Mugihe ikigezweho ari kinini, lithium ion ntabwo ifite umwanya wo kwinjira mububiko, izegeranya hejuru yibikoresho.
Nkuko izo ion zunguka electron, zirabika atome ya lithium hejuru yibikoresho, bishobora guteza akaga nko kurenza urugero.Niba bateri yamenetse, izaturika.Kubwibyo, kurinda bateri ya lithium ion igomba nibura gushyiramo imipaka yo hejuru yumuriro wa voltage, imipaka yo hasi yumuriro wa voltage numupaka wo hejuru wubu.Muri rusange, usibye intangiriro ya batiri ya lithium, hazaba hari plaque yo gukingira, igamije ahanini gutanga ubwo burinzi butatu.Nyamara, isahani yo gukingira izi eshatu zirinda biragaragara ko idahagije, ibintu biturika bya lithium kwisi yose cyangwa kenshi.Kugirango umenye umutekano wa sisitemu ya batiri, hakenewe isesengura ryimbitse kubitera guturika.
Impamvu yo guturika:
1. Ihinduka rinini ry'imbere;
2.Igice cya pole gikurura amazi kandi kigakora ningoma ya electrolyte;
3.Ubuziranenge n'imikorere ya electrolyte ubwayo;
4.Umubare watewe inshinge ntushobora kuzuza ibisabwa mubikorwa;
5. Ikirangantego cya laser cyo gusudira imikorere mibi mubikorwa byo kwitegura, kandi umwuka uramenyekana.
6. Umukungugu na pole-bice byoroshye biroroshye gutera microshort umuzunguruko mbere;
7.Icyapa cyiza kandi kibi kirenze icyerekezo, biragoye kubishishwa;
8. Ikibazo cyo gufunga inshinge zamazi, imikorere idahwitse yumupira wicyuma itera ingoma ya gaze;
9.Ibikoresho byose byinjira murukuta rwigikonoshwa ni rwinshi, guhindura ibishishwa bigira ingaruka kubyimbye;
10. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibidukikije hanze nabwo nyirabayazana yo guturika.
Ubwoko bwo guturika
Ubwoko bw'Ibisasu Isesengura Ubwoko bwa batiri yibisasu biturika birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkumuzunguruko mugufi wo hanze, umuzenguruko mugufi w'imbere, hamwe no kurenza urugero.Inyuma hano yerekeza hanze ya selire, harimo umuzunguruko mugufi uterwa nigishushanyo mbonera cyimikorere ya bateri yimbere.Iyo umuzunguruko mugufi ubaye hanze ya selire, hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike binaniwe guca umugozi, selile izabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi imbere, bigatuma igice cya electrolyte gihinduka, igiceri cya batiri.Iyo ubushyuhe bwimbere bwa bateri buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 135, impapuro za diaphragm zujuje ubuziranenge zizafunga umwobo mwiza, reaction ya electrochemical irarangira cyangwa hafi kurangira, impanuka zubu, nubushyuhe nabwo bugabanuka buhoro, bityo wirinde guturika .Ariko impapuro za diaphragm zifite umuvuduko muke wo gufunga, cyangwa imwe idafunze na gato, izakomeza gushyushya bateri, guhumeka electrolyte nyinshi, hanyuma amaherezo iturike ikariso ya batiri, cyangwa izamura ubushyuhe bwa bateri kugeza aho ibintu byaka. araturika.Inzira ngufi yimbere iterwa ahanini na burr yumuringa wumuringa hamwe na aluminiyumu ya feri ya diaphragm, cyangwa kristu ya dendritic ya kirisiti ya atome ya lithium icengera diafragma.
Utuntu duto, inshinge zimeze nkurushinge zirashobora gutera microshort.Kuberako urushinge ruto cyane kandi rufite agaciro kanini ko guhangana, ikigezweho ntabwo ari kinini cyane.Burrs yumuringa wa aluminiyumu iterwa mugikorwa cyo gukora.Ikintu cyagaragaye ni uko bateri isohoka vuba, kandi inyinshi murizo zishobora kugenzurwa ninganda cyangwa inganda ziteranya.Kandi kubera ko burrs ari nto, rimwe na rimwe zirashya, bigatuma bateri isubira mubisanzwe.Kubwibyo, amahirwe yo guturika yatewe na burr micro short circuit ntabwo ari menshi.Ibitekerezo nkibi, birashobora kwishyurwa bivuye imbere muri buri ruganda rwakagari, voltage kuri bateri mbi, ariko gake guturika, kubona inkunga yibarurishamibare.Kubwibyo, guturika guterwa numuyoboro mugufi w'imbere biterwa ahanini no kwishyuza birenze.Kuberako hari urushinge rumeze nka lithium ibyuma bya kristu ahantu hose kurupapuro rwinyuma rwa electrode yinyuma irenze, ingingo zacumise ziri hose, kandi micro-short circuit iba ahantu hose.Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bwakagari buzagenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi amaherezo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzaba gaze electrolyte.Iki kibazo, cyaba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane kuburyo butuma ibintu bitwika ibintu, cyangwa igikonoshwa cyabanje kumeneka, kuburyo umwuka uri hamwe nicyuma cya lithium oxyde oxyde, ari iherezo ryigisasu.
Ariko guturika gutya, guterwa numuyoboro mugufi w'imbere uterwa no kwishyuza birenze, ntabwo byanze bikunze bibaho mugihe cyo kwishyuza.Birashoboka ko abaguzi bazahagarika kwishyuza bagakuramo terefone zabo mbere yuko bateri ishyuha bihagije kugirango batwike ibikoresho kandi bitange gaze ihagije yo guturika ikariso.Ubushyuhe buturuka kumirongo migufi myinshi ishyushya buhoro buhoro bateri hanyuma, nyuma yigihe gito, iraturika.Ibisobanuro rusange kubakoresha ni uko bafashe terefone basanga hashyushye cyane, hanyuma bajugunya kure baraturika.Dushingiye ku bwoko bwavuzwe haruguru bwo guturika, turashobora kwibanda ku gukumira ibicuruzwa birenze urugero, gukumira imiyoboro ngufi yo hanze, no guteza imbere umutekano w'akagari.Muri byo, gukumira ibicuruzwa birenze urugero hamwe n’umuzunguruko mugufi byo hanze ni ibyerekeranye no kurinda ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, bifitanye isano cyane no gushushanya sisitemu ya batiri na paki ya batiri.Ingingo y'ingenzi yo guteza imbere umutekano w’utugari ni kurinda imiti n’ubukanishi, bifitanye isano ikomeye n’abakora selile.
Ibibazo byihishe
Umutekano wa batiri ya lithium ion ntabwo ujyanye gusa nimiterere yibikoresho bya selile ubwayo, ariko kandi bijyanye nubuhanga bwo gutegura no gukoresha bateri.Batteri ya terefone igendanwa ikunze guturika, kuruhande rumwe, kubera kunanirwa kwizunguruka, ariko cyane cyane, ibintu bifatika ntabwo byakemuye ikibazo.
Cobalt acide lithium cathode yibikoresho ni sisitemu ikuze cyane muri bateri ntoya, ariko nyuma yo kwishyurwa byuzuye, haracyari ion nyinshi za lithium kuri anode, mugihe zirenze urugero, zisigaye muri anode ya lithium ion ziteganijwe kuza kuri anode. .Imbaraga zihariye za lithium cobalate yibikoresho birenga 270 mah / g, ariko ubushobozi nyabwo ni kimwe cya kabiri cyubushobozi bwa theoretical kugirango tumenye imikorere yamagare.Muburyo bwo gukoresha, kubera impamvu runaka (nko kwangiza sisitemu yubuyobozi) hamwe na bateri yumuriro wa bateri ni mwinshi cyane, igice gisigaye cya lithium muri electrode nziza kizakurwaho, binyuze muri electrolyte kugera kuri electrode mbi muri uburyo bwo kubika ibyuma bya lithium kugirango bibe dendrite.Dendrites Pierce diaphragm, ikora uruziga rugufi.
Ikintu nyamukuru kigizwe na electrolyte ni karubone, ifite flash point nkeya nu mwanya wo guteka.Bizatwika cyangwa biturike mubihe bimwe.Niba bateri ishyushye, bizatera okiside no kugabanya karubone muri electrolyte, bivamo gaze nyinshi nubushyuhe bwinshi.Niba nta valve yumutekano ihari cyangwa gaze ntisohoka binyuze mumutekano wumutekano, umuvuduko wimbere wa bateri uzamuka cyane bigatera guturika.
Bateri ya polymer electrolyte lithium ion ntabwo ikemura byimazeyo ikibazo cyumutekano, aside lithium cobalt na electrolyte organic nayo irakoreshwa, kandi electrolyte ni colloidal, ntibyoroshye kumeneka, bizabaho gutwikwa gukabije, gutwikwa nikibazo gikomeye cyumutekano wa bateri ya polymer.
Hariho kandi ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo gukoresha bateri.Inzira ngufi yo hanze cyangwa imbere irashobora kubyara amper amajana make yumuvuduko ukabije.Iyo umuzunguruko mugufi wo hanze ubaye, bateri ihita isohora umuyaga munini, igakoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi ikabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi kumurwanya wimbere.Inzira ngufi y'imbere ikora umuyoboro munini, kandi ubushyuhe burazamuka, bigatuma diafragma ishonga kandi agace gato k'umuzunguruko kakaguka, bityo bikagira uruziga rukabije.
Batiri ya Litiyumu ion kugirango igere kuri selile imwe 3 ~ 4.2V yumuriro mwinshi wakazi, igomba gufata kubora kwumubyigano urenze 2V organic electrolyte, kandi ikoreshwa rya electrolyte kama mugihe cyinshi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzaba amashanyarazi, electrolytike gaze, bivamo umuvuduko wimbere, bikomeye bizacika mugikonoshwa.
Kurenza urugero birashobora kugusha ibyuma bya lithium, mugihe cyo guturika kw'igikonoshwa, guhura neza n'umwuka, bikavamo gutwikwa, icyarimwe gutwika electrolyte, umuriro ugurumana, kwaguka byihuse gaze, guturika.
Byongeye kandi, kuri bateri ya terefone igendanwa ya lithium ion, kubera gukoresha nabi, nko gukuramo, ingaruka no gufata amazi biganisha ku kwaguka kwa bateri, guhindura no guturika, nibindi, bizaganisha kumuzinga mugufi wa batiri, mugusohora cyangwa kwishyuza byatewe n'ubushyuhe.
Umutekano wa bateri ya lithium:
Kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero cyangwa kwishyurwa birenze biterwa no gukoresha nabi, uburyo bwo kurinda inshuro eshatu bushyirwa muri bateri imwe ya lithium ion.Imwe murimwe ni ugukoresha ibintu byo guhinduranya, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa bateri buzamutse, kurwanya kwayo kuzamuka, mugihe ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, bizahita bihagarika amashanyarazi;Iya kabiri ni uguhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye, mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse bugera ku giciro runaka, imyenge ya micron ku gice izahita ishonga, kugirango ion ya lithium idashobora kurengana, reaction ya bateri imbere irahagarara;Icya gatatu nugushiraho valve yumutekano (ni ukuvuga umwobo wa ventre hejuru ya bateri).Iyo umuvuduko wimbere wa bateri uzamutse mugaciro runaka, valve yumutekano izahita ifungura kugirango umutekano wa bateri ube.
Rimwe na rimwe, nubwo bateri ubwayo ifite ingamba zo kugenzura umutekano, ariko kubera impamvu zimwe na zimwe ziterwa no kunanirwa kugenzura, kubura valve yumutekano cyangwa gaze nta mwanya wo kurekura binyuze mumashanyarazi, umuvuduko wimbere wa bateri uzamuka cyane kandi bigatera guturika.Mubisanzwe, ingufu zose zibitswe muri bateri ya lithium-ion ihwanye cyane numutekano wabo.Mugihe ubushobozi bwa bateri bwiyongera, ingano ya bateri nayo iriyongera, kandi imikorere yayo yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ikagenda yangirika, kandi impanuka zishobora kwiyongera cyane.Kuri bateri ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa muri terefone zigendanwa, icyangombwa gisabwa ni uko impanuka z’umutekano zigomba kuba munsi ya miliyoni imwe, nacyo kikaba ari cyo gipimo gito cyemewe na rubanda.Kuri bateri nini ya lithium-ion, cyane cyane kubinyabiziga, ni ngombwa cyane gufata ubushyuhe bukabije.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bya electrode itekanye, ibikoresho bya lithium manganese oxyde, mubijyanye nimiterere ya molekile kugirango harebwe niba byuzuye, ion ya lithium muri electrode nziza yinjijwe rwose mumwobo mubi wa karubone, birinda rwose kubyara dendrite.Muri icyo gihe, imiterere ihamye ya acide ya lithium manganese, ku buryo imikorere yayo ya okiside iri munsi cyane ya aside ya lithium cobalt, ubushyuhe bwangirika bwa aside ya lithium cobalt irenga 100 ℃, kabone niyo yaba ari hanze y’umuzunguruko muto (urushinge), hanze imiyoboro ngufi, kwishyuza birenze, nayo irashobora kwirinda rwose akaga ko gutwikwa no guturika biterwa nicyuma cya lithium yaguye.
Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibikoresho bya lithium manganate birashobora kandi kugabanya cyane igiciro.
Kunoza imikorere yubuhanga buriho bwo kugenzura umutekano, tugomba mbere na mbere kunoza imikorere yumutekano wa batiri ya lithium ion, ifite akamaro kanini kuri bateri nini.Hitamo diaphragm hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo gufunga ubushyuhe.Uruhare rwa diafragma ni ugutandukanya inkingi nziza kandi mbi ya bateri mugihe wemera kunyura ioni ya lithium.Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, membrane ifunga mbere yuko ishonga, bikazamura imbere imbere ya oms 2000 kandi bigahagarika reaction yimbere.Iyo umuvuduko wimbere cyangwa ubushyuhe bigeze kubipimo byateganijwe, valve idashobora guturika irakinguka kandi itangire kugabanya umuvuduko kugirango wirinde kwirundanya gukabije kwa gaze imbere, guhindagurika, amaherezo biganisha ku guturika.Kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibyiyumvo, hitamo ibipimo ngenderwaho byigenzura kandi uhitemo kugenzura ibipimo byinshi (bifite akamaro kanini kuri bateri nini).Kubushobozi bunini bwa lithium ion ipaki ya batiri ni urukurikirane / ruringaniye rugizwe ningirabuzimafatizo nyinshi, nka mudasobwa ya mudasobwa ya mudasobwa ikarenza 10V, ubushobozi bunini, muri rusange ukoresheje seriveri ya batiri imwe kugeza kuri 4 irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa bya voltage, hanyuma 2 kugeza kuri 3 bya ipaki ya batiri iringaniye, kugirango tumenye ubushobozi bunini.
Ipaki ya batiri ifite ubushobozi bwinshi ubwayo igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho birinda umutekano, kandi ubwoko bubiri bwikibaho cyumuzunguruko nabwo bugomba gutekerezwa: Module ya ProtecTIonBoardPCB na module ya SmartBatteryGaugeBoard.Igishushanyo mbonera cyose cyo gukingira bateri kirimo: urwego rwa 1 rwo kurinda IC (irinde kurenza urugero rwa bateri, kurenza urugero, umuzunguruko mugufi), urwego rwa 2 rwo kurinda IC (irinde umuvuduko ukabije wa kabiri), fuse, icyerekezo cya LED, kugenzura ubushyuhe nibindi bice.Muburyo bwo kurinda urwego rwinshi, kabone niyo haba harumuriro udasanzwe wamashanyarazi na mudasobwa igendanwa, bateri ya mudasobwa igendanwa irashobora guhindurwa gusa muburyo bwo kurinda byikora.Niba ibintu bidakomeye, akenshi bikora mubisanzwe nyuma yo gucomeka no gukurwaho nta guturika.
Ikoranabuhanga ryibanze rikoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa muri mudasobwa zigendanwa na terefone zigendanwa ntago ari umutekano, kandi hagomba gutekerezwa imiterere itekanye.
Mu gusoza, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho hamwe no kurushaho gusobanukirwa nabantu basabwa mugushushanya, gukora, kugerageza no gukoresha bateri ya lithium ion, ejo hazaza ha bateri ya lithium ion hazaba umutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2022