Bitewe na politiki ya "double carbone" yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, imiterere y’amashanyarazi y’igihugu izabona impinduka zikomeye.Nyuma ya 2030, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo byo kubika ingufu n’ibindi bikoresho bifasha, Ubushinwa biteganijwe ko buzarangiza inzibacyuho iva mu mashanyarazi ashingiye ku binyabuzima ikajya mu mashanyarazi mashya ashingiye ku mashanyarazi mu 2060, aho umubare w’amashanyarazi mashya ugera kuri 80%.
Politiki ya "karubone ebyiri" izateza imbere ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa biva mu ngufu z’ibinyabuzima bigere ku mbaraga nshya buhoro buhoro, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu 2060, ingufu nshya z’Ubushinwa zizaba zirenga 80%.
Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo gikemure ikibazo cy’umuvuduko "udahungabana" uzanwa n’umuyoboro munini wa gride ku ruhande rw’amashanyarazi mashya, "politiki yo gukwirakwiza no kubika" ku ruhande rw’amashanyarazi nayo izazana intambwe nshya ku mbaraga. uruhande rwo kubika.
"Gutezimbere politiki ebyiri za karubone
Muri Nzeri 2020, mu nama ya 57 y’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, Ubushinwa bwatanze ku mugaragaro intego ya "karuboni ebyiri" yo kugera kuri "carbone peak" mu 2030 na "kutabogama kwa karubone" mu 2060.
Mu 2060, Ubushinwa bwangiza imyuka ya karubone buzinjira mu cyiciro "kidafite aho kibogamiye", aho toni zigera kuri miliyari 2,6 ziva mu kirere, bivuze ko igabanuka rya karuboni 74.8% ugereranije na 2020.
Twabibutsa ko "kutabogama kwa karubone" bidasobanura ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone, ahubwo ko umubare rusange w’ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya gaze karuboni cyangwa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bituruka ku buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye n’umusaruro w’ibikorwa ndetse n’ibikorwa bwite byuzuzwa na dioxyde de carbone. cyangwa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muburyo bwo gutera amashyamba, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kugirango bigerweho neza kandi bibi kandi bigere kuri "zero zangiza".
"Double carbone" ingamba ziganisha ku mpinduka zuruhande rwibisekuru
Imirenge itatu ya mbere ifite imyuka myinshi ya karubone ni: amashanyarazi no gushyushya (51%), gukora no kubaka (28%), no gutwara abantu (10%).
Mu rwego rwo gutanga amashanyarazi, akaba afite uruhare runini mu gutanga amashanyarazi angana na miliyoni 800 kWh mu mwaka wa 2020, ingufu z’ibinyabuzima zigera kuri miliyoni 500 kWh, ni ukuvuga 63%, mu gihe amashanyarazi mashya ari miliyoni 300 kWt, cyangwa 37% .
Bitewe na politiki ya "double carbone" yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kuvanga amashanyarazi mu gihugu bizabona impinduka zikomeye.
Mugihe cyicyuka cya karubone mumwaka wa 2030, igipimo cyo kubyara ingufu nshya kizakomeza kuzamuka kugera kuri 42%.Nyuma ya 2030, hamwe no kunoza ibikorwa remezo byo kubika ingufu n’ibindi bikoresho bifasha, biteganijwe ko mu 2060 Ubushinwa buzaba bwarangije kuva mu mashanyarazi ashingiye ku mbaraga z’ibinyabuzima bugana ku mashanyarazi mashya ashingiye ku mbaraga, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cy’amashanyarazi mashya agera hejuru ya 80%.
Isoko ryo kubika ingufu rirabona intambwe nshya
Hamwe no guturika kw'uruhande rushya rutanga ingufu ku isoko, inganda zibika ingufu nazo zabonye intambwe nshya.
Kubika ingufu kubyara ingufu nshya (Photovoltaque, umuyaga wumuyaga) bifitanye isano ridasanzwe.
Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque nimbaraga zumuyaga bifite imbaraga zidasanzwe kandi zikabuza imiterere y’akarere, bigatuma habaho gushidikanya gukomeye mu gutanga amashanyarazi ninshuro kuruhande rwamashanyarazi, bizazana igitutu kinini kuruhande rwa gride mugihe cyo guhuza imiyoboro, bityo kubaka ingufu sitasiyo yo kubika ntishobora gutinda.
Sitasiyo zibika ingufu ntizishobora gukemura neza ikibazo "cyatereranywe n’umucyo n’umuyaga", ariko kandi "no kugenzura impinga ninshuro" kugirango amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko kuruhande rwamashanyarazi ashobora guhuza umurongo uteganijwe kuruhande rwa gride, bityo bikagerwaho neza kugera kuri gride yo kubyara ingufu nshya.
Kugeza ubu, isoko ry’ububiko bw’ingufu mu Bushinwa riracyari mu ntangiriro ugereranije n’amasoko yo hanze, hamwe n’iterambere ry’amazi mu Bushinwa n’ibindi bikorwa remezo.
Ububiko bwa pompe buracyiganje ku isoko, hamwe na 36GW yububiko bwa pompe bwashyizwe ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa mu 2020, burenze kure 5GW yo kubika amashanyarazi;icyakora, ububiko bwimiti bufite ibyiza byo kutagabanywa na geografiya nuburyo bworoshye, kandi bizakura vuba mugihe kizaza;biteganijwe ko ububiko bw’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa buzajya buhoro buhoro burenga ububiko bwa pompe mu 2060, bugere kuri 160GW y’ubushobozi bwashyizweho.
Kuri iki cyiciro muburyo bushya bwo gutanga ingufu mu gupiganira umushinga, inzego nyinshi z’ibanze zizagaragaza ko sitasiyo nshya itanga ingufu zifite ububiko butari munsi ya 10% -20%, kandi igihe cyo kwishyuza ntikiri munsi y’amasaha 1-2, birashobora kugaragara ko "politiki yo gukwirakwiza no kubika" izazana iterambere ryinshi kuruhande rwibisekuruza byububiko bwamashanyarazi.
Nyamara, kuri iki cyiciro, nkicyitegererezo cyinyungu no guhererekanya ikiguzi cyo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi amashanyarazi atarasobanuka neza, bigatuma igipimo gito cyo kugaruka imbere, igice kinini cyibubiko bwingufu ahanini cyubatswe na politiki, kandi ikibazo cyurugero rwubucuruzi kiracyakemuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-05-2022