Inganda zibika ingufu za Litiyumu-ion ziratera imbere byihuse, ibyiza byapaki ya batiri ya lithium murwego rwo kubika ingufu birasesengurwa.Inganda zibika ingufu ni imwe mu nganda nshya ziyongera cyane ku isi muri iki gihe, kandi guhanga udushya, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere muri uru ruganda byatumye habaho iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu.Hamwe na tekinoroji ya batiri yo kugabanya ibiciro bya batiri ya lithium, ubwinshi bwingufu, hamwe nubucuruzi bwinganda zibika ingufu bikomeje gukura, inganda zibika ingufu zizatangiza iterambere rinini, biteganijwe ko zizakomeza kuzamuka kw ibikoresho bya lithium.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura imigendekere yiterambere ryinganda zibika ingufu za lithium-ion.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiterambere ry’inganda zibika ingufu za lithium mu Bushinwa?
01.Isoko ryo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium ifite ubushobozi bunini bwuzuye ,.
Ubushobozi kuruhande rwabakoresha nabwo ni bunini.
Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lithium ikubiyemo cyane cyane ububiko bunini bwingufu zumuyaga, itumanaho ryibanze ryitumanaho hamwe nububiko bwumuryango.Muri utu turere, sitasiyo y’itumanaho isubiza inyuma amashanyarazi itanga igice kinini, mu gihe ububiko bw’ingufu bw’umuryango na Tesla "umuryango w’ingufu" butwarwa, hari ibyumba byinshi byiterambere.Ububiko bunini bw'ingufu z'umuyaga kuri ubu bufite umuvuduko muke w'iterambere.
Raporo zerekana ko mu 2030, umusaruro w’umwaka w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi uziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 20, ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lithium itunganyirizwa bizagabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’inganda zibika ingufu, iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya n’ingufu naryo rizateza imbere kwagura ingufu za lithium inganda zibika.
Kubika ingufu za Litiyumu - tekinoroji iragenda ikura, igiciro rusange gikomeza kugabanuka.
Imikorere ya bateri isuzumwa n'ibipimo bitanu by'ingenzi: ubwinshi bw'ingufu, ubwinshi bw'ingufu, umutekano, umuvuduko wo kwishyuza no kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe mu bidukikije.Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwujuje ubuziranenge mu bice bine byanyuma bya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium, ariko haracyakenewe kunozwa inzira biracyakenewe mu bucucike bw’ingufu, kandi dutegereje iterambere ry’ejo hazaza.
Nubwo igiciro kinini cya bateri ya lithium aricyo kibazo nyamukuru cyugarije inganda, ibigo byinshi byagiye bikora kugirango tunoze neza-ibiciro bya batiri ya lithium-ion.Muri rusange, umusaruro mwinshi wa batiri ya lithium watumye igabanuka ryumwaka-mwaka mu myaka yashize kuko isoko rya batiri ya lithium rikomeje kwiyongera.Igiciro kiriho kirahagije mugutezimbere ubucuruzi no gukoresha mugari.Byongeye kandi, bateri ya lithium yamashanyarazi irashobora kwimurwa buhoro buhoro murwego rwo kubika ingufu kugirango ikoreshwe nyuma yubushobozi bwayo bwaragabanutse kugera munsi ya 80% yurwego rwambere, bityo bikagabanya igiciro cyibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium yo kubika ingufu.
02.Iterambere mubijyanye no kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium:
Isoko ryo kubika ingufu za Lithium-ion rifite imbaraga nyinshi, kandi tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu ikomeje gutera imbere.Hamwe nogutezimbere ingufu za enterineti nshya, icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium-ion kububiko bunini bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no kubyara amashanyarazi, hamwe na serivisi zifasha FM bikomeje kwiyongera.2018 izaba intangiriro yo gutangira gukoreshwa mubucuruzi, kandi isoko yo kubika ingufu za lithium-ion biteganijwe ko izinjira mubyiciro byiterambere.Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, icyifuzo cyo gukusanya ingufu za batiri ya lithium-ion kizagera kuri 68.05 GWH.Ubushobozi rusange bw’isoko ryo kubika ingufu za litiro-ion ni nini, kandi uruhande rwabakoresha rufite amahirwe menshi.
Biteganijwe ko mu 2030, icyifuzo cya batiri ya lithium-ion yo kubika ingufu biteganijwe ko kizagera kuri miliyari 85 GWH.Hamwe nigiciro cyamafaranga 1200 kuri buri gice cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (ni ukuvuga bateri ya lithium), biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ryo kubika ingufu z’umuyaga mu Bushinwa izagera kuri tiriyari imwe.
Iterambere hamwe nisoko ryisesengura rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za lithium:
Mu myaka yashize, isoko ry’ububiko bw’ingufu mu Bushinwa ryatandukanye kandi ryerekana imbaraga nziza: ububiko bwa pompe bwateye imbere vuba;kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zibitswe, kubika ingufu za flawheel, kubika ingufu zidasanzwe, nibindi nabyo byatejwe imbere.
Kubika ingufu za batiri ya Litiyumu nuburyo nyamukuru bwiterambere ryigihe kizaza, tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu za litiro iratera imbere mu cyerekezo kinini, gikora neza, kiramba, kirahendutse, kidahumanya.Kugeza ubu, mubice bitandukanye nibikenewe bitandukanye, abantu basabye kandi batezimbere uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika ingufu kugirango babone porogaramu.Kubika ingufu za Litiyumu-ion ni inzira yikoranabuhanga ishoboka.Amapaki ya batiri ya Litiyumu ya fosifati afite ingufu zingana kandi zingana cyane, kandi hamwe nogukoresha ibikoresho bya lithium fer fosifate anode, ubuzima numutekano bya karubone gakondo ya karubone lithium-ion byamashanyarazi byateye imbere cyane, kandi bahitamo gukoreshwa mu kubika ingufu.
Urebye iterambere rirambye ryisoko, mugihe ibiciro bya batiri ya lithium bikomeje kugabanuka, inzira zo kubika ingufu za lithium zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, hamwe na politiki y'Ubushinwa yo guteza imbere umwe umwe, isoko ryo kubika ingufu zizaza rifite amahirwe menshi kuri iterambere.
Isesengura ryibyiza bya paki ya litiro mububiko bwingufu:
1. lithium fer fosifate ya batiri ipaki yingufu zingana ni ndende, iringaniye, kandi hamwe nogukoresha ibikoresho bya lithium fer fosifate cathode, ubuzima bwa batiri gakondo ya karubone anode lithium-ion ubuzima numutekano byatejwe imbere cyane, bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubika ingufu .
2. Ubuzima burebure bwamapaki ya batiri ya lithium, mugihe kizaza kugirango uzamure ingufu zingana ni nkeya, intera irakomeye, igiciro kinini cyibi bituma ikoreshwa rya bateri ya lithium mububiko bwo kubika ingufu bishoboka.
3. lithium ya bateri igwiza imikorere nibyiza, kwitegura biroroshye byoroshye, mugihe kizaza kugirango uzamure imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushobozi buke bwamagare nibindi bitagenda neza bifasha mubisabwa mububiko bwingufu.
4. kwisi ya batiri ya lithium yamashanyarazi sisitemu yo kubika ingufu muburyo bwikoranabuhanga yabazwe byinshi kurenza izindi sisitemu zo kubika ingufu za batiri, bateri ya lithium-ion izahinduka inzira nyamukuru yo kubika ingufu zizaza.2020, isoko rya bateri zibika ingufu zizagera kuri miliyari 70.
5. bitewe na politiki yigihugu, icyifuzo cya batiri ya lithium mubijyanye no kubika ingufu nacyo kiriyongera cyane.muri 2018, icyifuzo cya batiri ya lithium-ion yo kubika ingufu cyageze kuri 13.66Gwh, kikaba cyarabaye imbaraga zikurikira zo kuzamura iterambere ryisoko rya batiri ya lithium.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-10-2024