Inganda zikurikirana umutekano n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, politiki y’igihugu yo guteza imbere inganda izuba riva, ni iterambere ry’ingufu nshya, kurengera ibidukikije, inganda zikomeye, ariko kandi hubakwa uburyo bwo gukumira no kugenzura ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi.Nk’uko "Inganda z’umutekano mu Bushinwa" 13 "Gahunda y’iterambere" igenamigambi ryerekana ko mu 2020 inganda zishinzwe kugenzura umutekano mu Bushinwa zizagera kuri miliyari zirenga 50.Kugeza ubu, bateri ya lithium ishinzwe umutekano mu gihugu yamenyekanye n’inganda nyinshi zo mu gihugu mu bijyanye.Dukurikije amakuru afatika, 2015 kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byose byoherejwe n’inganda zikurikirana umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu ni litiro zigera kuri miliyoni 160, biteganijwe ko 2018 izohereza hafi miliyoni 160.Nk’uko ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda zitanga amakuru y’inganda zerekana ko inganda zikurikirana umutekano nk’urwego rwose rw’inganda mu nganda zikura cyane, bitewe n’inganda zacyo n’inganda zikenera inganda zikenera hari itandukaniro, bityo umwanya w’inganda uzaza ni nini.
Nkaho ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukurikirana umutekano, bateri ya lithium, porogaramu zayo zikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwa bateri, nka bateri ya kabiri ya lithium-ion na batiri ya lithium-ion.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ikoreshwa mu nganda z’umutekano muri rusange ni electrolyte ikomeye (electrolyte), kandi electrolyte ikomeye mu gihe cyo kuyikora irashobora kugabanywamo amoko abiri y’imyunyu ngugu n’uburyo bwa electrodialysis.Uburyo bwo kubika imyuka ya chimique nuburyo bwo gutegura electrolyte ikomeye igomba gutegurwa (nka dioxyde de silicon, dioxyde de liside) ivangwa nibikoresho bishingiye ku cyuma cya oxyde aho kuba manganese oxyde ya aluminium, hanyuma hakaboneka firime yoroheje na electrolyte. reaction nka anode kama.Inyungu nyamukuru nigiciro gito nubuzima burebure;ibibi ni uko imikoreshereze igomba kuvangwa hiyongereyeho reagent zifasha (nka plasitike) ku nyongeramusaruro, ihenze;kandi niba nta reagent zifasha zongewemo, imyuka myinshi yubumara (formaldehyde, dioxyde de carbone) izabyara mugihe cyo kuyikoresha;byongeyeho, ntishobora gukoreshwa kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa neza.Uhereye ku majyambere yiterambere, imikoreshereze yacyo nkibikoresho byo kubika ingufu biragenda byitabwaho cyane.
Mu myaka yashize, iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwabateri ya lithium-ionByahindutse.Nyamara, kubera ko hakiri ibibazo byinshi kuri bateri ya lithium-ion, nkimikorere idahwitse, igihe gito cyo kubaho n'umutekano muke, birakenewe kwihutisha umuvuduko wubushakashatsi niterambere kugirango twige kandi dukemure ibyo bibazo.Nk’uko biteganijwe, mu 2020, biteganijwe ko igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya z’Ubushinwa rizagera ku 200.000.Muri byo, ingano y’isoko rya bateri ya lithium-ion ku modoka zifite ubwenge zizagera kuri miliyari zisaga 3.6.
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byingenzi kandi bibi bikoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion ni: 1. NCM622 / 623: Ukurikije igiciro gito, NCM522 ikoreshwa nka anode, ishobora kubona ubuso bwihariye bwihariye, hamwe nibyiza bya imikorere ihamye y'amashanyarazi, umutekano mwiza n'ubuzima burebure;2. GaN ishingiye: Ibikoresho ubwabyo bifite imiterere myiza yumubiri nubumashini, harimo kurwanya ruswa, kugiciro gito, gukora cyane nibindi bibi byo guhura na bateri electrode mbi ya batiri ikwiranye na lithium ion mugihe yerekana imikorere myiza yumutekano.Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga, hagaragaye ibikoresho byinshi bishya byigisekuru, nkibikoresho bya ternary.Kugeza ubu, hari ternary kuko electrode mbi ya bateri ya Pack lithium ku isoko, umutekano wacyo nubucucike bwayo biri ku isonga ryisi, kandi igiciro gito, birashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Ejo hazaza hazakomeza guhura n’ibibazo mu bijyanye n’umutekano no kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Uhereye kubuhanga bwa tekiniki, hamwe no gukoresha cyanebateri ya lithiummu rwego rwumutekano, inganda za batiri zose za lithium zirangwa nimbogamizi zubuhanga buhanitse, inzitizi za patenti nyinshi hamwe no kwibanda ku isoko rito.Dukurikije imibare y’ibikorwa bya lithium-ion bya raporo y’umwaka wa kabiri byerekana ko mu 2017, Ubushinwa bwa batiri ya lithium-ion yo mu Bushinwa n’igurisha byarenze amasaha ya watt.Muri byo, amasosiyete 16 ya batiri ya lithium-ion yo mu gihugu ayoboye inganda;amasosiyete ya batiri ya lithium yo mumahanga arimo SMC, FPC na NCA.By'umwihariko, hari ibigo bitandatu mu rwego rw’ibicuruzwa by’umutekano umugabane w’isoko urenga 10%, muri byo umugabane w’isoko rya Skywing Intelligence wageze kuri 14.5%, Ikoranabuhanga rya CASS, bateri ya Lixin na Zhongying Electronics ku isoko rya 9.5%, 7.7% na 5.2 %.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-28-2022