Biterwa nurwego rushyushye rwisoko ryimodoka yamashanyarazi,bateri ya lithium-ion, nkimwe mubice byingenzi bigize ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, byashimangiwe cyane. Abantu biyemeje guteza imbere ubuzima burebure, imbaraga nyinshi, bateri nziza ya lithium-ion. Muri byo, kwiyerekana kwabateri ya lithium-ionubushobozi bukwiye cyane kwitabwaho na buri wese, gusa gusobanukirwa neza nimpamvu zitera kwiyongera kwa bateri ya lithium-ion cyangwa uburyo, kugirango ubashe kwandika imiti ikwiye kugirango ikemure ikibazo, ubwo bateri ya lithium-ion kuki impamvu attenuation?
Impamvu zo gutakaza ubushobozi bwa bateri ya lithium-ion
1.Ibikoresho byiza bya electrode
LiCoO2 ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri cathode (icyiciro cya 3C gikoreshwa cyane, kandi bateri z'amashanyarazi ahanini zitwara ternary na lithium fer fosifate). Mugihe umubare wizunguruka wiyongera, gutakaza lithium ion ikora bigira uruhare runini mububasha bwo kubora. Nyuma yinzinguzingo 200, LiCoO2 ntiyanyuze mubyiciro, ahubwo yahinduye imiterere ya lamellar, biganisha kubibazo muri Li + de-gushira.
LiFePO4 ifite imiterere ihamye, ariko Fe3 + muri anode irashonga kandi igabanuka kuri Fe ibyuma kuri anode ya grafite, bikaviramo kwiyongera kwa anode. Mubisanzwe gusesa Fe3 + birindwa no gutwikira ibice bya LiFePO4 cyangwa guhitamo electrolyte.
Ibikoresho bya NCM ter Ibyuma byinzibacyuho ion mubyuma byinzibacyuho ya oxyde cathode byoroshye gushonga mubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo bikarekura muri electrolyte cyangwa kubitsa kuruhande rubi bigatuma ubushobozi bwiyongera; ② Iyo voltage irenze 4.4V na Li + / Li, ihinduka ryimiterere yibikoresho bya ternary ritera kwangirika kwubushobozi; ③ Li-Ni ivanze umurongo, biganisha ku guhagarika imiyoboro ya Li +.
Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kwangirika kwubushobozi muri LiMnO4 ishingiye kuri bateri ya lithium-ion ni 1. Icyiciro kidasubirwaho cyangwa impinduka zimiterere, nka Jahn-Teller aberration; na 2. gusesa Mn muri electrolyte (kuba HF muri electrolyte), reaction zidasanzwe, cyangwa kugabanuka kuri anode.
2.Ibikoresho bya electrode kavukire
Igisekuru cyimvura ya lithium kuruhande rwa anode kuruhande rwa grafite (igice cya lithium gihinduka "lithium yapfuye" cyangwa ikabyara lithium dendrite), mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke, ikwirakwizwa rya lithium ryihuta gahoro gahoro bigatuma imvura igwa, kandi imvura ya lithium nayo ikunda kubaho. iyo igipimo cya N / P kiri hasi cyane.
Kurimbuka inshuro nyinshi no gukura kwa firime ya SEI kuruhande rwa anode biganisha ku kugabanuka kwa lithium no kwiyongera kwa polarisiyasi.
Igikorwa cyasubiwemo cyo gushyiramo lithium / de-lithium muri anode ishingiye kuri silicon irashobora gutuma byoroha kwaguka no gucika intege kwa silicon. Kubwibyo, kuri silicon anode, nibyingenzi cyane gushakisha uburyo bwo kubuza kwaguka kwayo.
3.Electrolyte
Ibintu muri electrolyte bigira uruhare mu kwangirika kwubushobozi bwabateri ya lithium-ionshyiramo ：
1. Kwangirika kwumuti na electrolytite (kunanirwa gukomeye cyangwa ibibazo byumutekano nkumusaruro wa gaze), kumashanyarazi kama, mugihe ubushobozi bwa okiside burenze 5V na Li + / Li cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kugabanya buri munsi ya 0.8V (voltage itandukanye ya electrolyte decomposition voltage ni bitandukanye), byoroshye kubora. Kuri electrolyte (urugero LiPF6), biroroshye kubora ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru (hejuru ya 55 ℃) kubera umutekano muke;.
2. Uko umubare wikizunguruka wiyongera, reaction iri hagati ya electrolyte na electrode nziza kandi mbi yiyongera, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo kwimura abantu bugabanuka.
4.Diaphragm
Diaphragm irashobora guhagarika electron no kuzuza iion. Nyamara, ubushobozi bwa diafragma yo gutwara Li + buragabanuka mugihe umwobo wa diaphragm uhagaritswe nibicuruzwa byangirika bya electrolyte, nibindi, cyangwa mugihe diafragma igabanutse kubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa mugihe diaphragm ishaje. Byongeye kandi, gushiraho lithium dendrite itobora diaphragm iganisha kumuzunguruko mugufi niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yo kunanirwa.
5. Gukusanya amazi
Impamvu yo gutakaza ubushobozi bitewe nuwakusanyije muri rusange ni ruswa yuwakusanyije. Umuringa ukoreshwa nkuwakusanyije nabi kuko byoroshye okiside kubishoboka byinshi, mugihe aluminiyumu ikoreshwa nkikusanyirizo ryiza kuko byoroshye gukora lithium-aluminium ivanze na lithium mubushobozi buke. Munsi ya voltage ntoya (nko munsi ya 1.5V no munsi, gusohora cyane), umuringa uhindura Cu2 + muri electrolyte hanyuma ugashyirwa hejuru ya electrode mbi, bikabuza kwinjizamo lithium, bikaviramo kwangirika kwubushobozi. Kandi kuruhande rwiza, kwishyuza hejuru yabateriitera gushira umutego wa aluminium, biganisha ku kwiyongera kwimbere imbere no kwangirika kwubushobozi.
6. Kwishyuza no gusohora ibintu
Kwiyongera kwinshi no gusohora kugwiza birashobora gutuma ubushobozi bwihuta bwangirika bwa bateri ya lithium-ion. Kwiyongera kwishyuza / gusohora kugwiza bivuze ko imparike ya polarisiyasi ya bateri yiyongera uko bikwiye, bigatuma ubushobozi bugabanuka. Byongeye kandi, impagarara ziterwa no gukwirakwizwa no kwishyurwa no gusohora ku kigero cyo kugwiza cyane biganisha ku gutakaza ibikoresho bifatika bya cathode no gusaza vuba kwa bateri.
Kubijyanye na bateri zirenze urugero kandi zirenze urugero, electrode mbi ikunda kugwa imvura ya lithium, uburyo bwiza bwa electrode nziza yo kuvanaho lithium irasenyuka, kandi kwangirika kwa okiside ya electrolyte (kugaragara kubicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa na gaze) byihuta. Iyo bateri irekuwe cyane, ifiriti y'umuringa ikunda gushonga (kubuza lithium de-gushira, cyangwa kubyara dendrite y'umuringa), bigatuma ubushobozi bwangirika cyangwa gutsindwa kwa batiri.
Ubushakashatsi bwingamba zo kwishyuza bwerekanye ko mugihe umuriro wogukata amashanyarazi ari 4V, kugabanya muburyo bukwiye umuriro wamashanyarazi (urugero, 3.95V) birashobora kuzamura ubuzima bwumuzingi wa bateri. Byerekanwe kandi ko kwishyuza byihuse bateri kugeza 100% SOC ibora vuba kuruta kwishyurwa byihuse kugeza 80% SOC. Byongeye kandi, Li n'abandi. basanze nubwo pulsing ishobora kuzamura imikorere yumuriro, kurwanya imbere ya bateri bizamuka cyane, kandi gutakaza ibikoresho bibi bya electrode bibi birakomeye.
7.Ubushyuhe
Ingaruka yubushyuhe kubushobozi bwabateri ya lithium-ionni na ngombwa cyane. Iyo ikorera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe kinini, habaho kwiyongera kuruhande muri bateri (urugero, kubora kwa electrolyte), biganisha ku gutakaza imbaraga bidasubirwaho. Iyo ikorera mubushyuhe buke mugihe kinini, inzitizi zose za batiri ziriyongera (imashanyarazi ya electrolyte iragabanuka, impagarike ya SEI iriyongera, kandi umuvuduko wa reaction ya electrochemicique uragabanuka), kandi imvura ya lithium ivuye muri bateri ikunda kubaho.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru nimpamvu nyamukuru yo kwangirika kwa batiri ya lithium-ion, binyuze mumitangire yavuzwe haruguru ndizera ko ufite gusobanukirwa nimpamvu zitera ubushobozi bwa batiri ya lithium-ion.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-24-2023