Gukenera byihutirwa kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bitera intambwe yihuse igana amashanyarazi no kwagura ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba n’umuyaga kuri gride. Niba ibi bigenda byiyongera nkuko byari byitezwe, hakenewe uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi biziyongera.
Dukeneye ingamba zose dushobora kubona kugira ngo dukemure ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nk'uko byavuzwe na Dr Elsa Olivetti, umwarimu wungirije w’ibikoresho bya siyansi n’ubuhanga muri Esther na Harold E. Edgerton. Biragaragara, iterambere rya gride ishingiye kububiko rusange ni ngombwa. Ariko kuri porogaramu zigendanwa - cyane cyane ubwikorezi - ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwibanze ku guhuza n'uyu munsibateri ya lithium-ionkuba umutekano, muto kandi ushoboye kubika ingufu nyinshi kubunini n'uburemere.
Batteri isanzwe ya lithium-ion ikomeje gutera imbere, ariko aho igarukira iragumaho, igice bitewe nimiterere yabyo.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion igizwe na electrode ebyiri, imwe nziza nimwe mbi, yashizwemo mumazi kama (karubone). Iyo bateri yashizwemo ikanasohoka, ibice bya lithium (cyangwa ion) byashizwe muri electrode imwe bijya mubindi binyuze mumazi ya electrolyte.
Ikibazo kimwe niki gishushanyo nuko kuri voltage nubushyuhe bumwe na bumwe, electrolyte yamazi irashobora guhinduka kandi igafata umuriro. Dr Kevin Huang Ph.D.'15, umuhanga mu bushakashatsi mu itsinda rya Olivetti, avuga ko muri rusange bateri zifite umutekano mu gihe zisanzwe zikoreshwa, ariko ingaruka ziracyariho.
Ikindi kibazo nuko bateri ya lithium-ion idakwiriye gukoreshwa mumodoka. Ibipaki binini, biremereye bifata umwanya, byongera uburemere bwikinyabiziga kandi bigabanya ingufu za lisansi. Ariko biragoye gukora bateri ya lithium-ion uyumunsi ntoya kandi yoroshye mugihe ikomeza ingufu zayo - ingano yingufu zibikwa kuri garama yuburemere.
Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, abashakashatsi bahindura ibintu byingenzi biranga bateri ya lithium-ion kugirango bakore verisiyo ikomeye, cyangwa ikomeye-leta. Barimo basimbuza electrolyte yamazi hagati hamwe na electrolyte yoroheje ikomeye ihagaze hejuru yumuriro mwinshi nubushyuhe. Hamwe niyi electrolyte ikomeye, bakoresheje electrode ifite ubushobozi buhanitse hamwe na lithium yicyuma kinini ya electrode itari nziza cyane yari ifite umubyimba muto ugereranije nubusanzwe busanzwe bwa karubone. Izi mpinduka zituma selile ntoya muri rusange mugihe ikomeza ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu, bikavamo ingufu nyinshi.
Ibiranga - umutekano wongerewe imbaraga nubucucike bwinshi- birashoboka ko ari inyungu ebyiri zikunze kuvugwa cyane za bateri zishobora gukomera, nyamara ibyo bintu byose bireba imbere kandi byiringiro, kandi ntabwo byanze bikunze bigerwaho. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibi bishoboka bifite abashakashatsi benshi bihutira gushaka ibikoresho n'ibishushanyo bizasohoza iri sezerano.
Gutekereza birenze laboratoire
Abashakashatsi bazanye ibintu byinshi bishimishije bigaragara ko bitanga icyizere muri laboratoire. Ariko Olivetti na Huang bemeza ko ukurikije ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibitekerezo by’inyongera bishobora kuba ngombwa. Olivetti avuga ko twe abashakashatsi buri gihe dufite ibipimo muri laboratoire kugirango dusuzume ibikoresho n'ibikorwa bishoboka. Ingero zishobora kubamo ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu nigiciro / gusohora. Ariko niba intego ari ugushyira mubikorwa, turasaba kongeramo ibipimo byerekana neza ubushobozi bwo gupima byihuse.
Ibikoresho no kuboneka
Mwisi yisi ya electrolytike ikomeye, hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibintu - oxyde irimo ogisijeni na sulfide irimo sulfure. Tantalum ikorwa nkibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi bwa tin na niobium. Amakuru yamateka yerekana ko umusaruro wa tantalumu wegereye ubushobozi bushoboka kuruta ubwa germanium mugihe cyo gucukura amabati na niobium. Kuboneka kwa tantalum rero birahangayikishijwe cyane no kuzamuka kwingirabuzimafatizo za LLZO.
Ariko, kumenya kuboneka kubintu biri mubutaka ntibikemura intambwe zisabwa kugirango byinjizwe mumaboko yababikora. Abashakashatsi rero bakoze iperereza ku kibazo cyakurikiranwe ku bijyanye n’itangwa ry’ibintu by'ingenzi - ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya, gutunganya, gutwara, n'ibindi. Tuvuge ko hari ibintu byinshi, birashoboka ko urwego rwo gutanga ibyo bikoresho rwagurwa vuba bihagije kugira ngo rwiyongere. gukenera bateri?
Mu isesengura ry’icyitegererezo, barebeye hamwe uburyo bwo gutanga germanium na tantalum bizakenera kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye kugira ngo batange bateri y’amashanyarazi ateganijwe 2030 ateganijwe. Nkurugero, amato yimodoka yamashanyarazi, akunze kuvugwa nkintego ya 2030, yakenera gukora bateri zihagije kugirango atange ingufu za gigawatt 100 zose. Kugirango ugere kuriyi ntego, ukoresheje bateri ya LGPS gusa, urwego rwo gutanga germanium rwakenera kwiyongera 50% kumwaka - kurambura, kuko umuvuduko mwinshi wabaye hafi 7% mubihe byashize. Ukoresheje selile LLZO gusa, urwego rwo gutanga tantalum rwakenera kwiyongera hafi 30% - umuvuduko wubwiyongere burenze amateka ntarengwa ya 10%.
Izi ngero zerekana akamaro ko gutekereza ku kuboneka kw'ibikoresho no gutanga amasoko igihe harebwa ubushobozi bwo kwaguka kwa electrolytite zitandukanye, nk'uko Huang abivuga: Nubwo ingano y'ibikoresho atari ikibazo, nko muri germanium, kwagura byose intambwe murwego rwo gutanga kugirango ihuze umusaruro wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizaza bisaba umuvuduko wubwiyongere butigeze bubaho.
Ibikoresho no gutunganya
Ikindi kintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe cyo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwikigereranyo cya bateri ni ingorane zuburyo bwo gukora ningaruka zishobora kugira kubiciro. Hariho byanze bikunze intambwe nyinshi zigira uruhare mugukora bateri-ikomeye, kandi kunanirwa kwintambwe iyo ari yo yose byongera igiciro cya buri selile yakozwe neza.
Nka porokisi yo gukora ingorane zo gukora, Olivetti, Ceder na Huang bakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ziterwa no gutsindwa ku giciro rusange cy’ibishushanyo mbonera bya batiri byatoranijwe mu bubiko bwabo. Murugero rumwe, bibanze kuri oxyde LLZO. LLZO iravunitse cyane kandi amabati manini yoroheje kugirango akoreshwe muri bateri zikomeye za batiri za leta zirashobora gucika cyangwa kurigata ku bushyuhe bwinshi bugira uruhare mubikorwa byo gukora.
Kugirango bamenye ingaruka ziterwa no kunanirwa, bagereranije intambwe enye zingenzi zo gutunganya zigira uruhare mu guteranya selile LLZO. Kuri buri ntambwe, babaze ikiguzi bashingiye ku musaruro wafashwe, ni ukuvuga igipimo cy'utugingo ngengabuzima twatunganijwe neza nta gutsindwa. Kuri LLZO, umusaruro wari muke cyane ugereranije nibindi bishushanyo bize; byongeye, uko umusaruro wagabanutse, igiciro kuri kilowatt-isaha (kilowati) yingufu za selile cyiyongereye cyane. Kurugero, mugihe selile 5% zongewe kumurongo wanyuma wo gushyushya cathode, igiciro cyiyongereyeho $ 30 / kWh - impinduka zidakabije urebye ko igiciro rusange cyemewe kuri selile ari $ 100 / kWt. Ikigaragara ni uko ingorane zo gukora zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubishoboka byo kwakirwa nini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-09-2022