Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kwisi yose, ingano yisoko ryibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigeze kuri tiriyari imwe y amadolari muri 2020 kandi bizakomeza kwiyongera ku gipimo kirenga 20% buri mwaka mugihe kiri imbere. Kubwibyo, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nkuburyo bwingenzi bwo gutwara abantu, ibisabwa kugirango imikorere ya bateri yumuriro bizagenda birushaho kuba byinshi, kandi ingaruka zo kwangirika kwa batiri kumikorere ya batiri yumuriro mubushyuhe buke ntigomba kwirengagizwa. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kwangirika kwa batiri mubushuhe buke ni: Icya mbere, ubushyuhe buke bugira ingaruka ntoya imbere ya bateri, agace gakwirakwizwa nubushyuhe ni nini, kandi imbere imbere ya bateri iriyongera. Icya kabiri, bateri imbere no hanze yubushobozi bwo kohereza amafaranga irakennye, guhindura bateri bizabaho mugihe polarisiyasi idasubirwaho. Icya gatatu, ubushyuhe buke bwimikorere ya molekile ya electrolyte buratinda kandi bigoye gukwirakwira mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe buke bwa batiri yangirika birakomeye, bikaviramo imikorere mibi ya bateri.
1 status Imiterere ya tekinoroji ya batiri yubushyuhe buke
Ibikoresho bya tekiniki nibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium-ion yingufu zateguwe kubushyuhe buke ni nyinshi. Kwangirika gukabije kwa batiri yumuriro wa lithium-ion mubushyuhe buke biterwa no kwiyongera kwimbere imbere, biganisha kukibazo cyo gukwirakwiza electrolyte no kugabanya ubuzima bwingirabuzimafatizo. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rya batiri yubushyuhe buke bwateye imbere mumyaka yashize. Ubusanzwe batteri ya lithium-ion yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ifite imikorere mibi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi imikorere yayo iracyahungabana mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke; ingano nini ya selile yubushyuhe buke, ubushobozi buke, hamwe nubushyuhe buke buke; polarisiyasi irakomeye cyane mubushyuhe buke kuruta ubushyuhe bwo hejuru; kwiyongera kwijimye rya electrolyte kubushyuhe buke biganisha ku kugabanuka kwumubare wamafaranga / gusohora; kugabanya umutekano w'utugingo no kugabanya ubuzima bwa bateri ku bushyuhe buke; no kugabanya imikorere mukoresha mubushyuhe buke. Byongeye kandi, ubuzima bwigihe gito cya bateri ku bushyuhe buke hamwe n’umutekano w’utugingo ngengabuzima two hasi twashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa bishya ku mutekano wa bateri. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryibikoresho bya batiri bihamye, byizewe, byizewe kandi birebire byubuzima bwibihe byubushyuhe buke nibyo byibandwaho mubushakashatsi kuri bateri ya lithium-ion yubushyuhe buke. Kugeza ubu, hari ibikoresho byinshi bya batiri ya lithium-ion yubushyuhe: . . in; (3) ibinyabuzima bya electrolytike bifite imikorere myiza ku bushyuhe buke; (4) polymer electrolytite: iminyururu ya polymer ya molekile ni ngufi kandi ifite isano ikomeye; . (6) okiside y'icyuma ni mike; (7) ibikoresho bidasanzwe: polymers idasanzwe, nibindi.
2 、 Ingaruka yubushyuhe buke kuri bateri ya lithium
Ubuzima bwa cycle ya bateri ya lithium biterwa ahanini nuburyo bwo gusohora, mugihe ubushyuhe buke nikintu kigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwibicuruzwa bya lithium. Mubisanzwe, munsi yubushyuhe buke, ubuso bwa bateri buzahinduka mugice gitera kwangirika kwimiterere, biherekejwe nubushobozi no kugabanya ubushobozi bwakagari. Mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, gaze ikorwa muri selile, bizihutisha ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro; munsi yubushyuhe buke, gaze ntishobora gusohoka mugihe, byihutisha ihinduka ryicyiciro cyamazi ya batiri; ubushyuhe buke, niko gazi nyinshi zibyara kandi buhoro buhoro ihinduka ryicyiciro cyamazi ya batiri. Kubwibyo, guhindura ibintu byimbere muri bateri birakabije kandi bigoye munsi yubushyuhe buke, kandi biroroshye kubyara imyuka na solide imbere mubikoresho bya batiri; icyarimwe, ubushyuhe buke buzaganisha kumurongo wikintu cyangiza nko kumena imiti idasubirwaho kumeneka hagati yibikoresho bya cathode na electrolyte; bizanaganisha ku kugabanuka kwa electrolyte yo kwiteranya hamwe nubuzima bwa cycle; ubushobozi bwo kohereza lithium ion ubushobozi bwa electrolyte bizagabanuka; uburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora bizatera urukurikirane rw'iminyururu nka polarisiyonike mugihe cyoherejwe na lithium ion kwishyurwa, ubushobozi bwa bateri kwangirika no kurekura imbere imbere, bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwizunguruka nubucucike bwingufu za bateri ya lithium nibindi bikorwa. Hasi yubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buke, niko birushaho gukomera no kugorana ibintu bitandukanye byangiza nka reaction ya redox hejuru ya bateri, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, guhinduranya ibyiciro imbere muri selire ndetse no kurimbuka burundu bizanatera urukurikirane rw'iminyururu nka electrolyte kwiyiteranya, gutinda kwihuta kwihuta, niko uburemere bwa bateri bwangirika, kandi nubushobozi buke bwa lithium ion yishyuza kwimuka mubushyuhe bwinshi.
3 temperature Ubushyuhe buke ku iterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium
Mu bushyuhe buke, umutekano, ubuzima bwizunguruka hamwe nubushyuhe bwimikorere ya selile ya bateri bizagira ingaruka, kandi ingaruka zubushyuhe buke mubuzima bwa bateri ya lithium ntishobora kwirengagizwa. Kugeza ubu, ubushyuhe buke bwa tekinoroji ya batiri yubushakashatsi niterambere ukoresheje diaphragm, electrolyte, ibikoresho byiza na bibi bya electrode nibindi bikoresho byateye imbere. Mu bihe biri imbere, iterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium yubushyuhe bugomba kunozwa uhereye kumpande zikurikira: (1) iterambere rya sisitemu ya batiri ya lithium ifite ingufu nyinshi, ubuzima burebure, kwiyitaho gake, ubunini buke nigiciro gito kubushyuhe buke ; . . . (5) guteza imbere imikorere yumutekano muke, igiciro cyinshi nigiciro gito cya sisitemu ya batiri ya sisitemu yubushyuhe buke; (6) guteza imbere ubushyuhe buke bwibicuruzwa bijyanye na batiri no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryabyo; (7) guteza imbere imikorere-yubushyuhe buke bwibikoresho bya batiri hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho.
Byumvikane ko, usibye icyerekezo cyavuzwe haruguru cyubushakashatsi, hariho nubuyobozi bwinshi bwubushakashatsi bwo kurushaho kunoza imikorere ya bateri mugihe cyubushyuhe buke, kuzamura ubwinshi bwingufu za bateri yubushyuhe buke, kugabanya iyangirika rya batiri mubushyuhe buke, kongera ubuzima bwa bateri nubundi bushakashatsi iterambere; ariko ikibazo cyingenzi nuburyo bwo kugera kumikorere ihanitse, umutekano muke, igiciro gito, urwego rurerure, ubuzima burebure hamwe no kugurisha ibicuruzwa biciriritse mugihe cyubushyuhe buke nubu nubu Ubushakashatsi bugomba kwibanda kumena no gukemura ikibazo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2022