Ubushyuhe buke bwa bateri ya lithium

Mubushyuhe buke, imikorere ya batiri ya lithium-ion ntabwo ari nziza. Iyo bateri ikoreshwa cyane ya lithium-ion ikora kuri -10 ° C, ubushobozi bwabo ntarengwa hamwe nubushobozi bwo gusohora hamwe na voltage yumuriro bizagabanuka cyane ugereranije nubushyuhe busanzwe [6], mugihe ubushyuhe bwo gusohora bugabanutse kuri -20 ° C, ubushobozi buhari buzaba ndetse bigabanuke kugera kuri 1/3 mubushyuhe bwicyumba 25 ° C, mugihe ubushyuhe bwo gusohora buri hasi, bateri zimwe za lithium ntizishobora no kwishyuza no gusohora ibikorwa, byinjira muri "batiri yapfuye".

1, Ibiranga bateri ya lithium-ion ku bushyuhe buke
(1) Makroscopique
Impinduka ziranga bateri ya lithium-ion ku bushyuhe buke niyi ikurikira: hamwe no kugabanuka kwubushyuhe bukabije, kurwanya ohmic hamwe no kurwanya polarisiyasi kwiyongera mubyiciro bitandukanye; Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ya batiri ya lithium-ion iri munsi yubushyuhe busanzwe. Iyo kwishyuza no gusohora ku bushyuhe buke, imbaraga zayo zikora zirazamuka cyangwa zigabanuka vuba kurenza ubushyuhe busanzwe, bigatuma igabanuka ryinshi mubushobozi bwayo nimbaraga zikoreshwa.

(2) Mikorosikopi
Guhindura imikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion ku bushyuhe buke biterwa ahanini ningaruka zimpamvu zikurikira. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri munsi ya -20 ℃, electrolyte yamazi irakomera, ububobere bwayo bwiyongera cyane, kandi imiyoboro ya ionic igabanuka. Gukwirakwiza Litiyumu ion mu bikoresho byiza kandi bibi bya electrode biratinda; Litiyumu ion iragoye kuyisenya, kandi kuyikwirakwiza muri firime ya SEI biratinda, kandi impedance yo kwishyuza iriyongera. Ikibazo cya lithium dendrite kigaragara cyane mubushyuhe buke.

2, Gukemura ubushyuhe buke bwa bateri ya lithium-ion
Shushanya uburyo bushya bwa electrolytike ya sisitemu kugirango ihuze ubushyuhe buke; Kunoza imiterere ya electrode nziza kandi itari nziza kugirango wihute umuvuduko wohereza no kugabanya intera yoherejwe; Igenzura ibyiza nibibi bikomeye bya electrolyte kugirango ugabanye impedance.

(1) inyongera ya electrolyte
Muri rusange, gukoresha inyongeramusaruro ikora nimwe muburyo bwiza kandi bwubukungu bwo kuzamura imikorere yubushyuhe buke bwa bateri no gufasha gukora firime nziza ya SEI. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwibanze bwinyongeramusaruro ni inyongeramusaruro zishingiye kuri isocyanate, inyongeramusaruro zishingiye kuri sulferi, inyongeramusaruro y’amazi ya ionic hamwe n’inyunyu ngugu ya lithium idasanzwe.

Kurugero, dimethyl sulfite (DMS) sulfur yongeweho, hamwe nibikorwa bikwiye byo kugabanya, kandi kubera ko ibicuruzwa byayo bigabanya hamwe na lithium ion ihuza intege nke kuruta vinyl sulfate (DTD), kugabanya ikoreshwa ryinyongeramusaruro bizongera imbogamizi yimbere, kugirango yubake a byinshi bihamye kandi byiza ionic itwara neza ya firime mbi ya electrode. Sulfite esters ihagarariwe na dimethyl sulfite (DMS) ifite dielectric ihoraho kandi yagutse yubushyuhe bukabije.

(2) Umuti wa electrolyte
Batiyeri ya litiro-ion gakondo electrolyte ni ugushonga mol 1 ya lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) ikabamo imiti ivanze, nka EC, PC, VC, DMC, methyl etyl carbone (EMC) cyangwa karubone ya diethyl (DEC), aho ibigize aho gushonga, gushonga, guhora dielectric, guhindagurika no guhuza umunyu wa lithium bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubushyuhe bwa bateri. Kugeza ubu, electrolyte yubucuruzi iroroshye gukomera iyo ikoreshejwe mubushyuhe buke bwa -20 ℃ no munsi yacyo, guhora dielectric ihora ituma umunyu wa lithium bigora gutandukana, kandi viscosity ni ndende cyane kuburyo bateri irwanya imbere kandi ikaba mike Umuyoboro wa voltage. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion irashobora kugira imikorere myiza yubushyuhe buke mugutezimbere igipimo gihari, nko muguhindura amashanyarazi (EC: PC: EMC = 1: 2: 7) kugirango TiO2 (B) / graphene mbi electrode ifite A ubushobozi bwa ~ 240 mA h g-1 kuri -20 ℃ na 0.1 A g-1 ubucucike buriho. Cyangwa utezimbere ubushyuhe buke buke bwa electrolyte. Imikorere mibi ya bateri ya lithium-ion ku bushyuhe buke ahanini ifitanye isano no gutinda kwa Li + gahoro gahoro mugihe cya Li + cyo kwinjiza ibikoresho bya electrode. Ibintu bifite ingufu nke zihuza hagati ya Li + na molekile zishonga, nka 1, 3-dioxopentylene (DIOX), birashobora gutoranywa, kandi nanoscale lithium titanate ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya electrode kugirango ikusanyirize hamwe ikizamini cya batiri kugirango yishyure coefficient yagabanutse ya coefficient ya ibikoresho bya electrode kuri ultra-low ubushyuhe, kugirango ugere kumikorere myiza yubushyuhe buke.

(3) umunyu wa lithium
Kugeza ubu, ubucuruzi bwa LiPF6 bufite ubwikorezi bwinshi, ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ibidukikije, ibidukikije bidahagije, hamwe na gaze mbi nka HF mu gufata amazi biroroshye guteza umutekano muke. Filime ikomeye ya electrolyte yakozwe na lithium difluoroxalate borate (LiODFB) irahagaze bihagije kandi ifite imikorere yubushyuhe buke kandi ikora neza. Ni ukubera ko LiODFB ifite ibyiza byombi bya lithium dioxalate borate (LiBOB) na LiBF4.

3. Incamake
Ubushyuhe buke bwa bateri ya lithium-ion bizagerwaho nibintu byinshi nkibikoresho bya electrode na electrolytike. Iterambere ryuzuye uhereye kubintu byinshi nkibikoresho bya electrode na electrolyte birashobora guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryiterambere rya batiri ya lithium-ion, kandi ibyiringiro byo gukoresha bateri ya lithium nibyiza, ariko ikoranabuhanga rigomba gutezwa imbere no gutunganywa mubushakashatsi bwimbitse.