Igiciro cya Batiri ya Litiyumu-Ion Kuri Kwh

Intangiriro

Iyi ni bateri yumuriro aho lithium-ion itanga ingufu. Batiri ya lithium-ion igizwe na electrode mbi kandi nziza. Iyi ni bateri yumuriro aho lithium ion igenda kuva kuri electrode mbi ikagera kuri electrode nziza ikoresheje electrolyte. Gusohora bigenda imbere kandi bisubira inyuma iyo byishyuye. Ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha selile ya lithium-ion (Li-ion), harimo ibikoresho, imikino, na terefone ya Bluetooth, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bigendanwa, ibikoresho bito n'ibikoresho binini, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, hamwe n’amashanyarazikubika ingufuibikoresho. Bashobora guhungabanya ubuzima n’ibidukikije niba bidakemuwe neza nyuma yubuzima bwabo.

Inzira

Iterambere ryiyongera ku isoko rya batiri ya Li-ion rishobora guterwa ahanini n "" ingufu nyinshi. " Ingano yingufu sisitemu ifata mumibare runaka yiswe "ubwinshi bwingufu." Mugihe ugumana amashanyarazi angana,bateribirashobora rwose kuba byoroshye kandi byoroshye kuruta ubundi bwoko bwa bateri. Uku kugabanuka kwihutishije kwakira abaguzi ibikoresho bito bitwarwa kandi bidafite umugozi.

Ibiciro bya Batiri ya Litiyumu-Ion Kuri Kwh

Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bya batiri birashobora gusunika ibipimo ngenderwaho nka $ 60 kuri kilowati yashyizweho n’ishami ry’ingufu muri Amerika nk’urugero rw’imipaka ya EV irwanya moteri yo gutwika imbere. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’ubushakashatsi ngarukamwaka bw’ibiciro bya batiri bwakozwe na Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), igiciro cya batiri ku isi cyagabanutseho 6% hagati ya 2020 na 2021, icyakora gishobora kuba kiriyongera mu bihe biri imbere.

Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwabigaragaje, ibiciro bya batiri ya lithium-ion byari amadorari 132 kuri kilowati mu 2021, bikamanuka biva ku madolari 140 kuri kilowati muri 2020, na $ 101 kuri kilowati ku rwego rw’akagari. Nk’uko isesengura ryakozwe, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byiyongereye bikurura ibiciro hejuru, hamwe n’igiciro cy’amadorari 135 kwh biteganijwe mu 2022. Nk’uko BNEF ibivuga, ibi bishobora kuba bivuze ko igihe ibiciro bigabanuka munsi y’amadorari 100 kuri kilowati - muri rusange bifatwa nk’ingirakamaro. intambwe yibanze ya EV ihendutse-izasubikwa nimyaka ibiri.

Abakora amamodoka bafite intego zihanitse zabo bwite, nkintego ya Toyota yo kugabanya ibiciro bya EV mo kabiri mumyaka icumi. Niko ibihugu byose hamwe na leta zose. Bizarwanya intego niba selile zigenda zihenze mumwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri? Ibyo biracyakomeza kugaragara nkibintu bishya muriyi nzira igoye ya EV-kwakirwa.

Kwiyongera kw'ibiciro bya Batiri

Ibiciro bya batiri ya Litiyumu-ion byiyongereye kurwego runini. Impamvu itera kuzamuka kwibiciro ni ibikoresho.

Reka turebe impamvu ibiciro bya bateri byariyongereye cyane:

Ibiciro byibikoresho bya Litiyumu-ion Byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara.

Nubwo ibiciro bya bateri byagabanutse kuva mu 2010, izamuka ryibiciro byingenzi mubyuma byingenzi bya selile nka lithium byateye gushidikanya kuramba. Nigute ibiciro bya batiri ya EV bizatera imbere mugihe kizaza? Igiciro cyabateri ya lithium-ionirashobora kwiyongera mugihe kizaza kurwego runini.

Kwiyongera kw'Ibiciro Ntabwo ari Ikintu gishya.

Ntabwo aribwo bushakashatsi bwambere bwerekana ikibazo cyibura ryibikoresho nkibibanziriza kongera ibiciro bya batiri. Ibindi bitabo byagaragaje nikel nkibishobora kubaho, ntabwo selile zose zibisaba.

Icyakora, nk'uko BNEF ibivuga, impungenge z’itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa zatumye ndetse izamura ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo ku giciro gitolithium fer fosifate(LFP) imiti, ubu ikaba itoneshwa ninganda nyinshi n’abashinwa n’abakora bateri kandi igenda yemerwa na Tesla. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwabigaragaje, abakora selile LFP yo mu Bushinwa bazamuye ibiciro byabo 10% kugeza kuri 20% kuva muri Nzeri.

Ni bangahe Bateri ya Batiri ya Litiyumu-Ion?

Reka tugabanye igiciro cya selile ya lithium-ion. Nk’uko imibare ya BloombergNEF ibigaragaza, igiciro cya cathode ya buri selire kirenga kimwe cya kabiri cyayo mafaranga.

V Ibikoresho bya Batiri % by'igiciro cy'akagari
Cathode 51%
Amazu n'ibindi bikoresho 3%
Electrolyte 4%
Gutandukanya 7%
Gukora no guta agaciro 24%
Anode 11%

Duhereye ku gusenyuka hejuru kw'igiciro cya batiri ya lithium-ion, twabonye ko cathode ari ibikoresho bihenze cyane. Igizwe na 51% byigiciro cyose.

Kuki Cathodes ifite Ibiciro Byisumbuye?

Cathode ifite electrode nziza. Iyo igikoresho kimaze bateri, electron na lithium ion ziva kuri anode zerekeza kuri cathode. Baguma aho kugeza bateri yongeye kwishyurwa byuzuye. Cathodes nibintu byingenzi bigize bateri. Ihindura cyane urwego, imikorere kimwe numutekano wumuriro wa bateri. Kubwibyo, iyi nayo ni bateri ya EV.

Akagari kagizwe nibyuma bitandukanye. Kurugero, igizwe na nikel na lithium. Muri iki gihe, ibihimbano bisanzwe bya cathode ni:

Litiyumu ya fosifate (LFP)

Litiyumu nikel cobalt aluminium oxyde (NCA)

Litiyumu nikel manganese cobalt (NMC)

Ibikoresho bya batiri bigizwe na cathode birakenewe cyane, hamwe nababikora nka Tesla bihatira kubona ibikoresho nkuko EV yagurishijwe. Mubyukuri, ibicuruzwa biri muri cathode, hamwe nabandi mubindi bice bigize selile, bikora hafi 40% yikiguzi cyose.

Ibiciro by'ibindi bigize Bateri ya Litiyumu-Ion

Ibice 49 ku ijana by'igiciro cy'akagari bigizwe n'ibice bitari cathode. Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, gikubiyemo gukora electrode, guhuza ibice bitandukanye, no kuzuza selile, bingana na 24% yikiguzi cyose. Anode ni ikindi gice cyingenzi cya bateri, bingana na 12% yikiguzi rusange - hafi kimwe cya kane cyigice cya cathode. Anode ya selile ya Li-ion igizwe na grafite ya organic cyangwa organic organique, itahenze cyane kuruta ibindi bikoresho bya batiri.

Umwanzuro

Ariko, ibiciro byibikoresho byiyongereye byerekana ko impuzandengo y'ibipaki ishobora kwiyongera kugera kuri 5 / kWt mu izina rya 2022. Mugihe hatabayeho iterambere ryimbere rishobora kugabanya izi ngaruka, igihe ibiciro bigabanuka munsi ya 0 / kWt bishobora gutinda na 2 imyaka. Ibi byagira ingaruka kuri EV ihendutse ninyungu zabakora, ndetse nubukungu bwububiko bwingufu.

Gukomeza ishoramari R&D, kimwe no kongera ubushobozi murusobekerane rwo gukwirakwiza, bizafasha guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya batiri no kugabanya ibiciro mugihe kizaza. BloombergNEF iteganya ko udushya tuzakurikiraho nka silicon na lithium ishingiye kuri anode, chemisties-ikomeye, hamwe na cathode yibintu bishya hamwe nubuhanga bwo gukora selile bizagira uruhare runini mukworohereza ibiciro kugabanuka.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2022