Kugereranya uko amafaranga yishyurwa (SOC) ya batiri ya lithium biragoye mubuhanga, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho bateri ituzuye cyangwa ngo isohore neza. Porogaramu nkiyi ni ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (HEVs). Ikibazo gikomoka kuri voltage iringaniye iranga bateri ya lithium. Umuvuduko ntushobora guhinduka kuva 70% SOC ukagera kuri 20% SOC. Mubyukuri, ihindagurika rya voltage kubera ihindagurika ryubushyuhe risa n’imihindagurikire ya voltage bitewe no gusohora, niba rero SOC igomba gukomoka kuri voltage, ubushyuhe bwakagari bugomba kwishyurwa.
Indi mbogamizi nuko ubushobozi bwa bateri bugenwa nubushobozi bwa selile yubushobozi buke, bityo SOC ntigomba gucirwa urubanza hashingiwe kumashanyarazi yumuriro wa selile, ahubwo kuri voltage yumuriro wa selile idakomeye. Ibi byose byumvikana gato cyane. None se kuki tutagumya gusa igiteranyo cyumubyigano winjira muri selire hanyuma tukagereranya numuyoboro usohoka? Ibi bizwi nko kubara coulometric kandi byumvikana byoroshye, ariko hariho ingorane nyinshi hamwe nubu buryo.
Batterintabwo ari bateri nziza. Ntibigera basubiza ibyo wabashyizemo. Hariho imyanda yamenetse mugihe cyo kwishyuza, itandukana nubushyuhe, igipimo cyamafaranga, imiterere yumuriro no gusaza.
Ubushobozi bwa bateri nayo iratandukanye kumurongo hamwe nigipimo cyo gusohora. Kwihuta gusohora, nubushobozi buke. Kuva 0.5C isohoka kugeza 5C isohoka, kugabanuka birashobora kugera kuri 15%.
Batteri ifite imyuka ihanitse cyane yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ingirabuzimafatizo zimbere muri bateri zirashobora gukora cyane kurusha selile zo hanze, bityo selile ziva muri bateri ntizaba zingana.
Ubushobozi nabwo ni imikorere yubushyuhe. Imiti ya lithium imwe yibasirwa kurusha izindi.
Kugirango wishyure ubwo busumbane, kuringaniza selile bikoreshwa muri bateri. Iyindi myanda yamenetse ntishobora gupimwa hanze ya bateri.
Ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanuka gahoro gahoro mubuzima bwakagari kandi mugihe.
Ikintu cyose gitoya mubipimo byubu bizahuzwa kandi mugihe kirenze gishobora kuba umubare munini, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri SOC.
Ibi byose byavuzwe haruguru bizavamo gutembera neza mugihe kiretse keretse niba kalibrasi isanzwe ikorwa, ariko ibi birashoboka gusa mugihe bateri yasohotse cyangwa hafi yuzuye. Muri porogaramu za HEV nibyiza kubika bateri hafi 50% yishyurwa, kuburyo rero inzira imwe ishoboka yo gukosora byimazeyo ibipimo byukuri ni ugutwara buri gihe bateri yose. Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byuzuye byishyurwa buri gihe byuzuye cyangwa hafi byuzuye, kubwibyo gupima bishingiye kumibare ya coulometric birashobora kuba ukuri, cyane cyane mugihe ibindi bibazo bya batiri byishyuwe.
Urufunguzo rwo kumenya neza neza kubara coulometric ni byiza gutahura neza murwego rugari.
Uburyo gakondo bwo gupima ibyagezweho ni kuri twe shunt, ariko ubu buryo buragabanuka iyo amashanyarazi ari hejuru (250A +) arimo. Bitewe no gukoresha ingufu, shunt igomba kuba irwanya imbaraga nke. Amashanyarazi arwanya ubukana ntabwo akwiriye gupima imigezi mike (50mA). Ibi bihita bitera kwibaza ikibazo cyingenzi: ni ubuhe buryo ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa bwo gupimwa? Ibi byitwa urwego rugaragara.
Dufashe ubushobozi bwa bateri ya 100Ahr, igereranya ryikosa ryemewe ryo kwishyira hamwe.
Ikosa rya Amp rizatanga 100% yamakosa kumunsi cyangwa ikosa 0.4A rizatanga 10% yamakosa kumunsi.
Ikosa rya 4 / 7A rizatanga 100% yamakosa mugihe cyicyumweru cyangwa 60mA ikosa rizatanga 10% yamakosa mugihe cyicyumweru.
Ikosa rya 4 / 28A rizatanga ikosa 100% mukwezi cyangwa ikosa rya 15mA rizatanga ikosa rya 10% mukwezi, birashoboka ko aricyo gipimo cyiza gishobora gutegurwa nta gusubiramo bitewe no kwishyurwa cyangwa hafi yo gusohoka byuzuye.
Noneho reka turebe shunt ipima ikigezweho. Kuri 250A, 1m ohm shunt izaba iri murwego rwo hejuru kandi itanga 62.5W. Ariko, kuri 15mA izabyara microvolts 15 gusa, izatakara mumajwi yinyuma. Urwego rufite imbaraga ni 250A / 15mA = 17,000: 1. Niba 14-bit A / D ihindura irashobora "kubona" ikimenyetso mumajwi, offset na drift, noneho birasabwa guhindura 14-bit A / D. Impamvu yingenzi yo guhagarika ni voltage hamwe nubutaka bwa loop offset yakozwe na thermocouple.
Icyibanze, nta sensor ishobora gupima ikigezweho muriyi ntera. Ibyuma bihanitse birakenewe kugirango bipime imigezi ihanitse kuva gukwega no kwishyuza ingero, mugihe ibyuma byoroheje bikenerwa kugirango bipime imigezi kuva, kurugero, ibikoresho hamwe na zeru iyo ari yo yose. Kubera ko sensor yo hasi nayo "ibona" umuyaga mwinshi, ntishobora kwangirika cyangwa kwangizwa nibi, usibye kwiyuzuzamo. Ibi bihita bibara amashanyarazi ya shunt.
Igisubizo
Umuryango ukwiye cyane wa sensors ufunguye loop Hall ingaruka za sensor. Ibi bikoresho ntabwo bizangirika numuyaga mwinshi kandi Raztec yakoze urwego rwa sensor rushobora gupima mubyukuri imiyoboro ya milliamp ikoresheje umuyoboro umwe. ihererekanyabubasha rya 100mV / AT ni ngirakamaro, bityo 15mA ikoresha izatanga 1.5mV ikoreshwa. ukoresheje ibikoresho byiza biboneka biboneka, remanence nkeya murwego rumwe rwa milliamp nayo irashobora kugerwaho. Kuri 100mV / AT, kwiyuzuzamo bizaba hejuru ya Amps 25. Inyungu yo gutangiza porogaramu birumvikana ko itanga imbaraga zo hejuru.
Imiyoboro miremire ipimwa hifashishijwe ibyuma bisanzwe bigezweho. Guhindura kuva kuri sensor imwe ujya mubindi bisaba logique yoroshye.
Urwego rushya rwa Raztec rwerekana ibyuma bidafite ishingiro ni amahitamo meza kuri sensor zo hejuru. Ibi bikoresho bitanga umurongo mwiza, gutuza hamwe na zeru hystereze. Birashobora guhuzwa byoroshye nurwego runini rwimashini nuburyo bugezweho. Ibi bikoresho bikozwe muburyo bwo gukoresha igisekuru gishya cya magnetiki yumurongo wa sensor hamwe nibikorwa byiza.
Ubwoko bwa sensor zombi zikomeza kuba ingirakamaro mugucunga ibimenyetso-by-urusaku hamwe ningaruka ndende cyane yingufu zisabwa.
Nyamara, ubunyangamugayo bukabije bwaba ari bwinshi kuko bateri ubwayo ntabwo ari coulomb yuzuye. Ikosa rya 5% hagati yo kwishyuza no gusohora birasanzwe kuri bateri aho ibindi bitagenda neza. Hamwe nibitekerezo, tekinike yoroshye ukoresheje moderi yibanze ya batiri irashobora gukoreshwa. Icyitegererezo kirashobora gushiramo no-kwipakurura itumanaho rya voltage nubushobozi, kwishyuza voltage nubushobozi, gusohora no kurwanya ibicuruzwa bishobora guhindurwa hamwe nubushobozi hamwe no kwishyuza / gusohora. Ibipimo bikwiye byapimwe byigihe bigomba gushyirwaho kugirango habeho kugabanuka no kugarura igihe cyumubyigano.
Inyungu igaragara ya bateri nziza ya lithium ni uko itakaza ubushobozi buke cyane kurwego rwo hejuru. Uku kuri koroshya kubara. Bafite kandi umuyoboro muke cyane. Sisitemu yamenetse irashobora kuba hejuru.
Ubu buhanga butuma leta igereranya amafaranga yishyurwa mubice bike byijanisha ryubushobozi busigaye nyuma yo gushyiraho ibipimo bikwiye, bitabaye ngombwa kubara coulomb. Batare ihinduka coulomb.
Inkomoko yamakosa murwego rwubu
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ikosa rya offset ni ingenzi kubara coulometric kandi hateganijwe gutangwa muri monitor ya SOC kugirango uhindure sensor ya offset kugeza kuri zeru mubihe bya zeru. Mubisanzwe birashoboka gusa mugihe cyo gushiraho uruganda. Nyamara, sisitemu irashobora kubaho igena zeru bityo ikemerera gusubiramo byikora bya offset. Nibihe byiza kuko drift irashobora kwakirwa.
Kubwamahirwe, tekinoroji zose za sensor zitanga ubushyuhe bwa offset ya drift, kandi sensor zubu ntizihari. Ubu dushobora kubona ko iyi ari ireme rikomeye. Mugukoresha ibice byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe nigishushanyo cyitondewe kuri Raztec, twateje imbere urwego rwimashanyarazi ihagaze neza hamwe na drift ya <0.25mA / K. Guhindura ubushyuhe bwa 20K, ibi birashobora kubyara ikosa ntarengwa rya 5mA.
Irindi soko risanzwe ryamakosa muri sensor zubu zirimo uruziga rukuruzi ni ikosa rya hystereze ryatewe na magnetism remanent. Ibi bikunze kugera kuri 400mA, bigatuma sensor nkizo zidakwiye gukurikiranwa na bateri. Muguhitamo ibikoresho byiza bya magneti, Raztec yagabanije ubu bwiza kuri 20mA kandi iri kosa ryaragabanutse mugihe. Niba ikosa rito risabwa, demagnetisation irashoboka, ariko ikongeramo ibintu bitoroshye.
Ikosa rito ni drift ya transfert yimikorere ya kalibrasi hamwe nubushyuhe, ariko kuri sensor ya misa iyi ngaruka ni nto cyane kuruta drift yimikorere ya selile hamwe nubushyuhe.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kugereranya SOC nugukoresha uruvange rwubuhanga nka voltage idahoraho, umutwaro wa selile wishyurwa na IXR, kubara coulometric hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwibipimo. Kurugero, amakosa yigihe kirekire yo kwishyira hamwe arashobora kwirengagizwa mugereranya SOC kubitari umutwaro cyangwa umutwaro muto wa batiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2022