Lithium net amakuru: iterambere rya vuba ryinganda zibika ingufu mubwongereza ryashimishije benshi mubakora imyitozo yo hanze, kandi ryateye intambwe nini mumyaka yashize. Nk’uko Wood Mackenzie abiteganya, Ubwongereza bushobora kuyobora ububiko bunini bw’iburayi bwashyizweho, buzagera kuri 25.68GWh mu 2031, bikaba biteganijwe ko ububiko bunini bw’Ubwongereza buzatangira mu 2024.
Nk’uko Solar Media ibivuga, mu mpera za 2022, mu Bwongereza hashyizweho 20.2GW imishinga minini yo kubika, kandi kubaka bishobora kurangira mu myaka 3-4 iri imbere; hafi 61.5GW ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zateguwe cyangwa zoherejwe, kandi ibikurikira ni ugusenyuka muri rusange isoko ryo kubika ingufu mu Bwongereza.
Ububiko bw'ingufu zo mu Bwongereza 'ahantu heza' kuri 200-500 MW
Ubushobozi bwo kubika Bateri mu Bwongereza buriyongera, kuva mu myaka mike ishize kuva kuri MW 50 mu mishinga minini yo kubika muri iki gihe. Kurugero, umushinga wa MW 1,040 MW Carbone Park i Manchester, uherutse guhabwa uburenganzira, byemewe nkumushinga munini wo kubika ingufu za litiro nini ku isi.
Ubukungu bwikigereranyo, iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa, hamwe na guverinoma y’Ubwongereza gukuraho umushinga w’ibikorwa Remezo by’igihugu (NSIP) byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura imishinga yo kubika ingufu mu Bwongereza. Ihuriro ry'inyungu ku ishoramari n'ubunini bw'umushinga ku mishinga yo kubika ingufu mu Bwongereza - uko ihagaze - igomba kuba hagati ya MW 200-500.
Guhuriza hamwe amashanyarazi birashobora kugorana
Inganda zibika ingufu zirashobora kuba zegeranye nuburyo butandukanye bwo kubyara amashanyarazi (urugero: Photovoltaque, umuyaga nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi). Ibyiza nkibi bikorwa bifatanyabikorwa ni byinshi. Kurugero, ibikorwa remezo nibiciro bya serivisi byingirakamaro birashobora kugabanwa. Ingufu zitangwa mugihe cyamasaha yumubyigano zirashobora kubikwa hanyuma zikarekurwa mugihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa inkono mu gisekuru, bigatuma kogosha no kuzuza ikibaya. Amafaranga yinjira arashobora kandi kubyara binyuze mubukemurampaka kububiko.
Ariko, hariho ingorane zo gufatanya gushakisha amashanyarazi. Ibibazo birashobora kuvuka mubice nko guhuza imiterere no guhuza sisitemu zitandukanye. Ibibazo cyangwa gutinda bibaho mugihe cyo kubaka umushinga. Niba amasezerano atandukanye asinywe kubwoko butandukanye bwikoranabuhanga, imiterere yamasezerano akenshi iba igoye kandi itoroshye.
Mugihe iyongerwaho ryububiko bwingufu akenshi ari ryiza uhereye kubateza imbere PV, bamwe mubateza imbere ububiko barashobora kwibanda cyane kubushobozi bwa gride kuruta kwinjiza PV cyangwa izindi mbaraga zishobora kongera ingufu mumishinga yabo. Aba baterankunga ntibashobora kubona imishinga yo kubika ingufu hafi yububiko bushya bushobora kuvugururwa.
Abashinzwe iterambere bahura n’amafaranga yinjira
Abashinzwe kubika ingufu muri iki gihe bafite ikibazo cyo kugabanuka kwinjiza ugereranije n’uko bari hejuru muri 2021 na 2022.Ibintu bigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwinjiza harimo irushanwa ryiyongera, ibiciro by’ingufu, ndetse n’igabanuka ry’agaciro k’ingufu. Ingaruka zuzuye zo kugabanuka kwinjiza amafaranga yo kubika ingufu mumirenge biracyagaragara.
Gutanga Urunigi n'ingaruka z'ikirere bikomeje
Urunani rwo gutanga sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zirimo ibice bitandukanye, harimobateri ya lithium-ion, inverters, sisitemu yo kugenzura nibindi byuma. Gukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion igaragaza abitezimbere guhindagurika kumasoko ya lithium. Izi ngaruka zirakabije cyane bitewe nigihe kirekire cyo kuyobora gisabwa mugutezimbere imishinga yo kubika ingufu - kubona uruhushya rwo gutegura no guhuza imiyoboro ni inzira ndende. Abashinzwe iterambere rero bakeneye gutekereza no gucunga ingaruka zishobora guterwa nigiciro cya lithium kubiciro rusange hamwe nubuzima bwimishinga yabo.
Mubyongeyeho, bateri na transformateur bifite igihe kinini cyo kuyobora nigihe kirekire cyo gutegereza niba bikenewe gusimburwa. Ihungabana mpuzamahanga, amakimbirane yubucuruzi nimpinduka zubuyobozi zishobora kugira ingaruka kumasoko yibi nibindi bikoresho nibikoresho.
Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe
Ikirere gikabije kirashobora kwerekana imbogamizi kubateza imbere ingufu, bisaba igenamigambi ryinshi ningamba zo kugabanya ingaruka. Amasaha maremare yizuba hamwe numucyo mwinshi mugihe cyizuba nibyiza kubyara ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ariko kandi birashobora gutuma kubika ingufu bigorana. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bufite ubushobozi bwo kurenga sisitemu yo gukonjesha muri bateri, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma bateri yinjira mumashanyarazi. Mu bihe bibi cyane, ibi bishobora gutera inkongi y'umuriro no guturika, bigatera gukomeretsa umuntu no gutakaza ubukungu.
Guhindura amabwiriza yumutekano wumuriro wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu
Guverinoma y'Ubwongereza yavuguruye amabwiriza agenga politiki yo kongera ingufu mu kongera ingufu mu 2023 kugira ngo ashyiremo igice kijyanye n'iterambere ry’umutekano w’umuriro wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. Mbere yibi, Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro mu Bwongereza (NFCC) yasohoye ubuyobozi ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’umuriro mu kubika ingufu mu 2022.Ubuyobozi bugira inama ko abashinzwe iterambere bagomba guhuza serivisi z’umuriro aho batangiriye gusaba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2024