Inzira ngufi ya bateri ni ikosa rikomeye: ingufu za chimique zibitswe muri bateri zizatakara muburyo bwingufu zumuriro, igikoresho ntigishobora gukoreshwa. Muri icyo gihe, uruziga rugufi narwo rugizwe nubushyuhe bukabije, butagabanya gusa imikorere yibikoresho bya batiri, ariko birashobora no gutuma umuriro cyangwa guturika bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Kugirango dukureho ibintu bishobora kuba mubikoresho bishobora kuba umuzunguruko mugufi no kwemeza ko umuzunguruko mugufi utagize imikorere mibi, dushobora gukoresha COMSOL Multiphysics kugirango twige igenamigambi rya bateri ya lithium-ion.
Nigute bateri yumuzunguruko ibaho?
Batare ishoboye guhindura ingufu za chimique zabitswe mumashanyarazi. Mugihe gikora gisanzwe, electrode ebyiri za batiri zizatanga amashanyarazi agabanya reaction ya electrode mbi na okiside ya anode. Mugihe cyo gusohora, electrode nziza ni 0.10-600 naho electrode mbi ni nziza; mugihe cyo kwishyuza, inyuguti ebyiri za electrode zahinduwe, ni ukuvuga, electrode nziza ni nziza na electrode mbi.
Electrode imwe irekura electron mumuzunguruko, mugihe indi electrode ifata electron ziva mukuzunguruka. Nibwo buryo bwiza bwimiti itwara imiyoboro yumuzunguruko bityo igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose, nka moteri cyangwa itara, rishobora kubona ingufu muri bateri iyo ihujwe nayo.
Ibyo bita umuzunguruko mugufi ni mugihe electron zitanyuze mumuzunguruko uhujwe nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi, ariko zigenda hagati ya electrode zombi. Kubera ko izo electron zidakeneye gukora umurimo wubukanishi, kurwanya ni bito cyane. Nkigisubizo, imiti yimiti irihuta kandi bateri itangira kwisohora, gutakaza ingufu za chimique idakora umurimo wingenzi. Iyo izengurutse mugihe gito, umuvuduko ukabije utera kurwanya bateri gushyuha (ubushyuhe bwa Joule), bishobora kwangiza igikoresho.
Kwangirika kwa mashini muri bateri nimwe mubitera uruziga rugufi. Niba ikintu cyumunyamahanga cyacumuye ipaki ya batiri cyangwa niba ipaki ya batiri yangiritse mugukata, bizaba bigize inzira yimbere yimbere kandi bigizwe numuzingi mugufi. "Ikizamini cya pinprick" nikizamini gisanzwe cyumutekano kuri bateri ya lithium-ion. Mugihe cyikizamini, urushinge rwicyuma ruzacumita bateri hanyuma rugufi.
Irinde kuzenguruka-bateri
Ibikoresho bya batiri cyangwa bateri bigomba gukingirwa kumuzingo mugufi, harimo ingamba zo gukumira bateri hamwe nigikoresho kimwe cyibikoresho byitwara bihura. Batteri zapakiwe mu dusanduku two gutwara kandi zigomba gutandukanywa hagati yazo mu gasanduku, hamwe n’ibiti byiza kandi bibi byerekanwe mu cyerekezo kimwe iyo bateri zishyizwe hamwe.
Kwirinda kuzunguruka-bigufi bya bateri zirimo, ariko ntabwo bigarukira gusa kuburyo bukurikira.
a. Mugihe bishoboka, koresha ibifuniko by'imbere bifunze byuzuye bikozwe mubikoresho bitayobora (urugero, imifuka ya pulasitike) kuri buri selile cyangwa buri gikoresho gikoreshwa na batiri.
b. Koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gutandukanya cyangwa gupakira bateri kugirango idashobora guhura nizindi bateri, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibikoresho bitwara (urugero, ibyuma) mubipaki.
c. Koresha ingofero zidakingira, kaseti, cyangwa ubundi buryo bukwiye bwo kurinda electrode cyangwa amacomeka.
Niba ibipfunyika byo hanze bidashobora kunanira kugongana, noneho ibipfunyika byo hanze byonyine ntibigomba gukoreshwa nkigipimo cyo gukumira electrode ya batiri kumeneka cyangwa kuzenguruka-bigufi. Batare igomba kandi gukoresha padi kugirango ikumire kugenda, bitabaye ibyo capi ya electrode irekuye kubera kugenda, cyangwa electrode ihindura icyerekezo kugirango itere uruziga rugufi.
Uburyo bwo kurinda electrode burimo, ariko ntibugarukira gusa, ingamba zikurikira:
a. Gufatisha electrode neza kurugero rwimbaraga zihagije.
b. Batare ipakiye mubikoresho bya plastiki bikomeye.
c. Koresha igishushanyo cyasubiwemo cyangwa ufite ubundi burinzi kuri electrode ya bateri kugirango electrode itavunika nubwo paki yataye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-07-2023