Nigute ushobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa bateri ya lithium ion

1. Flame retardant ya electrolyte

Electrolyte flame retardants ninzira nziza cyane yo kugabanya ibyago byo gutwarwa nubushyuhe bwa bateri, ariko aba flame retardants bakunze kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yamashanyarazi ya bateri ya lithium ion, kuburyo bigoye kuyikoresha mubikorwa. Kugirango iki kibazo gikemuke, cya kaminuza ya Californiya, San Diego, itsinda rya YuQiao [1] hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira capsule bizakongeza DbA (dibenzyl amine) yabitswe imbere muri micro capsule, ikwirakwijwe muri electrolyte, muri ibihe bisanzwe ntabwo bizagira ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri ya lithium ion yagaragaye, ariko mugihe ingirabuzimafatizo zidasenywa nimbaraga zo hanze nko gusohora, Flame retardants muri capsules noneho irekurwa, ikangiza bateri bigatuma itera kunanirwa, bityo ikabimenyesha guhunga ubushyuhe. Muri 2018, itsinda rya YuQiao [2] ryongeye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryavuzwe haruguru, rikoresha Ethylene glycol na Ethylenediamine nk'umuriro wa flame, washyizwemo kandi winjizwa muri batiri ya lithium ion, bituma igabanuka rya 70% ry'ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa batiri ya lithium ion mu gihe ikizamini cya pin pin, kigabanya cyane ibyago byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa batiri ya lithium ion.

Uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru burimo kwiyangiza, bivuze ko iyo flame retardant imaze gukoreshwa, bateri yose ya lithium-ion izasenywa. Ariko, itsinda rya AtsuoYamada muri kaminuza ya Tokiyo mu Buyapani [3] ryateje electrolyte ya flame retardant itazagira ingaruka ku mikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion. Muri iyi electrolyte, ubwinshi bwa NaN (SO2F) 2 (NaFSA) orLiN (SO2F) 2 (LiFSA) bwakoreshejwe nk'umunyu wa lithium, kandi flame retardant trimethyl fosifate TMP yongerewe kuri electrolyte, byateje imbere cyane ubushyuhe bwumuriro ya batiri ya lithium. Ikirenze ibyo, kongeramo flame retardant ntabwo byagize ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri ya lithium ion. Electrolyte irashobora gukoreshwa kumurongo urenga 1000 (1200 C / 5 cycle, 95% yo kugumana ubushobozi).

Flame retardant iranga bateri ya lithium ion ikoresheje inyongeramusaruro nimwe muburyo bwo kumenyesha bateri ya lithium ion kugirango idashyuha. Abantu bamwe na bamwe babona uburyo bushya bwo kugerageza kumenyesha ko habaho umuvuduko muke muri bateri ya lithium ion iterwa nimbaraga zo hanze ziva mumuzi, kugirango bagere ku ntego yo gukuraho epfo no gukuraho burundu ubushyuhe butabaho. Urebye ingaruka zishobora kuba ziterwa na bateri za lithium ion zikoreshwa, GabrielM.Veith wo muri Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Oak Ridge yo muri Amerika yateguye electrolyte ifite imiterere yo kogosha [4]. Iyi electrolyte ikoresha ibintu byamazi atari Newtonian. Mubisanzwe, electrolyte iratemba. Ariko, mugihe uhuye ningaruka zitunguranye, bizerekana imiterere ihamye, ikomeye cyane, ndetse irashobora kugera ku ngaruka zamasasu. Kuva mu mizi, iramenyesha ibyago byo guhunga ubushyuhe buterwa numuzunguruko mugufi muri bateri mugihe amashanyarazi ya lithium ion.

2. Imiterere ya Batiri

Ibikurikira, reka turebe uko washyira feri kumurongo wamazi uva kurwego rwa selile. Kugeza ubu, ikibazo cyo guhunga ubushyuhe cyatekerejweho muburyo bwa bateri ya lithium ion. Kurugero, mubusanzwe hariho igitutu cyo kugabanya igitutu hejuru yigitereko cyo hejuru ya bateri 18650, gishobora kurekura mugihe cyumuvuduko ukabije imbere muri bateri mugihe ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Icya kabiri, hazabaho ubushyuhe bwiza bwa coefficient material PTC mugifuniko cya batiri. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo guhunga ubushyuhe buzamutse, kurwanya ibikoresho bya PTC biziyongera cyane kugirango bigabanye umuyaga kandi bigabanye ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, mugushushanya imiterere ya bateri imwe igomba no gutekereza ku gishushanyo mbonera cyo kurwanya imiyoboro ngufi hagati yinkingi nziza kandi mbi, kuba maso kubera imikorere mibi, ibisigazwa byibyuma nibindi bintu bivamo umuvuduko muke wa batiri, bigatera impanuka z'umutekano.

Mugihe igishushanyo cya kabiri muri bateri, kigomba gukoresha cyane diafragma itekanye, nka pore yikora ifunze yibice bitatu bigize compte yubushyuhe bwo hejuru diaphragm, ariko mumyaka yashize, hamwe no kuzamura ingufu za bateri, diaphragm yoroheje. ibice bitatu bigize diaphragm byahindutse bishaje buhoro buhoro, bisimburwa nubutaka bwa ceramic ya diaphragm, ceramic coating to diaphragm igamije gutera inkunga, kugabanya kugabanuka kwa diafragma mubushyuhe bwinshi, Kunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa batiri ya lithium ion no kugabanya ibyago byo ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa batiri ya lithium.

3. Bateri ipakira igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano

Mugukoresha, bateri ya lithium ion akenshi iba igizwe na bateri nyinshi, amagana cyangwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi binyuze murukurikirane no guhuza. Kurugero, ipaki ya batiri ya Tesla ModelS igizwe na bateri zirenga 7,000 18650. Niba imwe muri bateri yatakaje ubushyuhe bwumuriro, irashobora gukwirakwira mumashanyarazi hanyuma igatera ingaruka zikomeye. Urugero, muri Mutarama 2013, bateri ya Boeing 787 ya litiro ion yo mu Buyapani yafashe umuriro i Boston, muri Amerika. Iperereza ryakozwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano wo gutwara abantu, bateri ya litiro 75Ah ya litiro ion mu gipaki cya batiri yatumye ubushyuhe bwa batiri bwegeranye. Nyuma y’ibyabaye, Boeing yasabye ko paki zose za batiri zashyirwaho ingamba nshya zo gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’umuriro utagenzuwe.

Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwira budakwirakwira muri bateri ya lithium ion, AllcellTechnology yateje imbere ibikoresho byo gutandukanya ubushyuhe bwa PCC kuri bateri ya lithium ion ishingiye ku bikoresho byo guhindura icyiciro [5]. Ibikoresho bya PCC byuzuye hagati ya bateri ya monomer lithium ion, mugihe cyakazi gisanzwe cyibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium ion, ipaki ya batiri mubushuhe irashobora kunyuzwa mubikoresho bya PCC byihuse ikajya hanze yububiko bwa batiri, mugihe ubushyuhe bwumuriro muri lithium ion batteri, ibikoresho bya PCC ukoresheje ibishashara byimbere bya paraffin bishonga bikurura ubushyuhe bwinshi, birinda ubushyuhe bwa bateri kwiyongera, Gutyo rero, maso kugirango ushushe ubushyuhe butagenzuwe mumashanyarazi ya batiri ikwirakwizwa imbere. Mu kizamini cya pinprick, gutwarwa nubushyuhe bwa bateri imwe mumapaki ya batiri igizwe nimirongo 4 na 10 ya paki ya batiri 18650 udakoresheje ibikoresho bya PCC amaherezo byatumye habaho ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa bateri 20 mumapaki ya batiri, mugihe ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwa bumwe bateri muri paki ya batiri ikozwe mubikoresho bya PCC ntabwo yateje ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibindi bikoresho bya batiri.