Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, isi yose ikenera bateri ya lithium-ion igeze kuri miliyari 1,3, kandi hamwe n’ukwiyongera kw’ahantu ho gukoreshwa, iyi mibare iriyongera uko umwaka utashye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwihuse mu ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lithium-ion mu nganda zinyuranye, imikorere y’umutekano ya bateri iragenda igaragara cyane, ntibisaba gusa kwishyuza no gusohora imikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion, ariko kandi bisaba urwego rwo hejuru y'imikorere y'umutekano. Iyo bateri ya lithium amaherezo kuki umuriro ndetse no guturika, ni izihe ngamba zishobora kwirindwa no kuvaho?
Mbere ya byose, reka twumve ibintu bigize bateri ya lithium. Imikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion ahanini biterwa nimiterere nimikorere yibikoresho byimbere ya bateri yakoreshejwe. Ibikoresho bya batiri imbere birimo ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, electrolyte, diaphragm nibikoresho byiza bya electrode. Muri byo, guhitamo nubuziranenge bwibikoresho byiza nibibi bigena neza imikorere nigiciro cya bateri ya lithium-ion. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bihendutse kandi bihanitse kandi byiza nibikoresho bibi bya electrode nibyo byibanze mu iterambere ryinganda za batiri ya lithium-ion.
Ibikoresho bibi bya electrode muri rusange byatoranijwe nkibikoresho bya karubone, kandi iterambere rirakuze muri iki gihe. Iterambere ryibikoresho bya cathode ryabaye ikintu cyingenzi kigabanya kurushaho kunoza imikorere ya batiri ya lithium-ion no kugabanya ibiciro. Muri iki gihe umusaruro w’ubucuruzi wa batiri ya lithium-ion, igiciro cyibikoresho bya cathode bingana na 40% yikiguzi rusange, kandi igabanuka ryibiciro byibikoresho bya cathode rigena neza igabanuka ryibiciro bya bateri ya lithium-ion. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kuri bateri ya lithium-ion. Kurugero, bateri ntoya ya lithium-ion kuri terefone igendanwa isaba garama 5 gusa z'ibikoresho bya cathode, mugihe bateri ya lithium-ion yo gutwara bisi irashobora gusaba ibiro 500 bya cathode.
Nubwo hariho ubwoko bwibikoresho byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa nka electrode nziza ya bateri ya Li-ion, igice cyingenzi cyibikoresho bisanzwe bya electrode ni LiCoO2. Iyo kwishyuza, imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zongewe kumpande ebyiri za bateri zihatira ibice bya electrode nziza kurekura ioni ya lithium, iba yashyizwe muri karubone ya electrode mbi ifite imiterere ya lamellar. Iyo isohotse, ioni ya lithium iva mumiterere ya lamellar ya karubone hanyuma ikongera ikomatanya hamwe na electrode nziza. Kugenda kwa lithium ion bitanga amashanyarazi. Iri ni ihame ryukuntu bateri ya lithium ikora.
Nubwo ihame ryoroshye, mubikorwa byinganda nyabyo, haribibazo byinshi bifatika tugomba gusuzuma: ibikoresho bya electrode nziza ikenera inyongeramusaruro kugirango ikomeze ibikorwa byo kwishyuza no gusohora byinshi, kandi ibikoresho bya electrode mbi bigomba gutegurwa kuri urwego rwa molekulari urwego rwo kwakira lithium nyinshi; electrolyte yuzuye hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi, usibye kubungabunga umutekano, inakenera kugira amashanyarazi meza no kugabanya imbere imbere ya bateri.
Nubwo bateri ya lithium-ion ifite ibyiza byose byavuzwe haruguru, ariko ibisabwa kugirango umuzunguruko urinde ni mwinshi, mugukoresha inzira bigomba kuba bikomeye kugirango wirinde kwishyuza birenze urugero, gusohora birenze urugero, umuyaga usohoka ntugomba. kuba munini cyane, muri rusange, igipimo cyo gusohora ntigomba kurenza 0.2 C. Uburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri ya lithium bwerekanwe kumashusho. Mugihe cyumuriro, bateri ya lithium-ion igomba kumenya voltage nubushyuhe bwa bateri mbere yuko kwishyuza bitangira kumenya niba bishobora kwishyurwa. Niba ingufu za bateri cyangwa ubushyuhe biri hanze yurwego rwemewe nuwabikoze, birabujijwe kwishyurwa. Urupapuro rwemewe rwo kwishyuza ni: 2.5V ~ 4.2V kuri bateri.
Mugihe bateri iri gusohora cyane, charger igomba gusabwa kugira progaramu-progaramu mbere kugirango bateri yujuje ibisabwa kugirango yishyure vuba; hanyuma, ukurikije igipimo cyihuta cyo kwishyurwa cyasabwe nuwakoze bateri, muri rusange 1C, charger yishyuza bateri numuyoboro uhoraho kandi voltage ya batiri ikazamuka buhoro; iyo ingufu za bateri zimaze kugera kuri voltage yo gushiraho (muri rusange 4.1V cyangwa 4.2V), amashanyarazi ahoraho arangira hamwe numuyoboro wamashanyarazi Iyo ingufu za bateri zimaze kugera kumashanyarazi yashyizweho (muri rusange 4.1V cyangwa 4.2V), burigihe burigihe burigihe irangira, kwishyuza byangirika vuba kandi kwishyuza byinjira muburyo bwuzuye bwo kwishyuza; mugihe cyuzuye cyo kwishyuza, amashanyarazi yishyurwa aragabanuka buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe igipimo cyo kwishyuza kigabanutse munsi ya C / 10 cyangwa igihe cyose cyo kwishyuza kirenze, hanyuma gihinduka hejuru yo kwishyuza hejuru; mugihe cyo hejuru cyo kwishyuza hejuru, charger yuzuza bateri hamwe numuyoboro muto wo kwishyuza. Nyuma yigihe cyo kwishyurwa hejuru, kwishyurwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2022