Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, hamwe n'izamuka rya elegitoroniki y'abaguzi nka terefone zigendanwa, tableti, ibikoresho byambarwa na drone, ibisabwa kuribateriyabonye iturika ritigeze ribaho. Kwisi yose ikenera bateri ya lithium iragenda yiyongera ku kigero cya 40% kugeza kuri 50% buri mwaka, kandi isi imaze gutanga amashanyarazi mashya agera kuri miliyari 1,2 na bateri zirenga miriyoni imwe y’amashanyarazi, 80% muri yo akomoka kuri Isoko ry'Ubushinwa. Dukurikije amakuru ya Gartner: Mu 2025, ingufu za batiri ya lithium ku isi izagera kuri miliyari 5.7 Ah, hamwe n’ubwiyongere buri mwaka bwa 21.5%. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kugenzura ibiciro, bateri ya Li-ion yahindutse igiciro cyo guhatanira ubundi buryo bwa batiri gakondo ya aside-aside muri bateri nshya yingufu zamashanyarazi.
1.Ikoranabuhanga
Tekinoroji ya batiri ya Litiyumu ikomeje gutera imbere, guhera mubikoresho byashize byashize kugeza ingufu nyinshi za lithium fer fosifate, ubu ni inzibacyuho ya fosifate ya lithium fer nibikoresho bya ternary, kandi inzira ya silindrique iriganje. Mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki y’abaguzi, bateri ya lithium fer ya fosifate ya batiri igenda isimbuza buhoro buhoro bateri gakondo ya silindrike na kare ya lithium fer fosifate; uhereye kumashanyarazi ya batiri yingufu, guhera mugitangira cyo gukoresha kugeza ubu, igipimo cyibikoresho byamashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Muri iki gihe ibihugu mpuzamahanga by’ibanze bikoresha ingufu za batiri zingana na 63%, biteganijwe ko bizagera kuri 72% mu 2025. Mu gihe kiri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kugenzura ibiciro, biteganijwe ko imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bya litiro biteganijwe neza kandi ikerekana isoko ryagutse umwanya.
Ahantu nyaburanga
Bateri ya Li-ion nubwoko bukoreshwa cyane muri bateri yingufu kandi ifite porogaramu nyinshi mubijyanye n’imodoka nshya zingufu, kandi isoko rya Li-ion ni ryinshi. Ah, hejuru ya 44.2% umwaka-ku-mwaka. Muri byo, umusaruro wa Ningde Times wagize 41.7%; BYD yashyizwe ku mwanya wa kabiri, hamwe na 18.9% by'umusaruro. Hamwe nogukomeza kwagura ubushobozi bwibikorwa byinganda, uburyo bwo guhatanira inganda za batiri ya lithium buragenda burushaho gukaza umurego, Ningde Times, BYD nibindi bigo bikomeje kwagura isoko ryabo kubera inyungu zabo bwite, mugihe Ningde Times yageze kubufatanye bukomeye na Samsung SDI kandi yabaye umwe mubatanga amashanyarazi akomeye ya Samsung SDI; BYD ikomeje kongera ishoramari mu bijyanye na batiri y’amashanyarazi bitewe n’ubuhanga bwayo bwa tekiniki, kandi ubu iri mu miterere y’ubushobozi bwa BYD mu bijyanye na bateri y’amashanyarazi yagiye itera imbere buhoro buhoro yinjira mu cyiciro cy’umusaruro munini; BYD ifite ubuhanga bwimbitse kandi bwuzuye bwibikoresho byo hejuru bya lithium yibikoresho byo hejuru, nikel yo hejuru ya nikel ternary lithium, ibicuruzwa bya sisitemu ya grafite byashoboye kuzuza ibisabwa namasosiyete menshi ya batiri ya lithium.
3.Isesengura ryibikoresho bya Litiyumu
Duhereye ku bigize imiti, hari ibikoresho bya cathode (harimo ibikoresho bya lithium cobaltate nibikoresho bya lithium manganate), ibikoresho bya electrode mbi (harimo na lithium manganate na lithium fer fosifate), electrolyte (harimo igisubizo cya sulfate n'umuti wa nitrate), na diaphragm (harimo LiFeSO4 na LiFeNiO2). Uhereye kubikorwa bifatika, birashobora kugabanywa mubintu byiza kandi bibi bya electrode. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion muri rusange ikoresha cathode kugirango itezimbere uburyo bwo kwishyuza, mugihe ukoresha lithium nkibikoresho bya cathode; electrode mbi ukoresheje nikel-cobalt-manganese; ibikoresho bya cathode birimo NCA, NCA + Li2CO3 na Ni4PO4, nibindi.; electrode mbi nka bateri ya ion mubikoresho bya cathode na diaphragm ningirakamaro cyane, ubwiza bwayo bugira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion. Kugirango ubone amafaranga menshi kandi usohokane imbaraga zihariye nubuzima burebure, lithium igomba kuba ifite imikorere myinshi hamwe nubuzima burebure. Litiyumu electrode igabanijwemo bateri zikomeye, bateri zamazi na bateri ya polymer ukurikije ibikoresho, muri byo selile ya polymer ni tekinoroji ikuze kandi ifite inyungu kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muri terefone ngendanwa nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki; imbaraga zikomeye za leta kubera ubwinshi bwingufu nigiciro gito cyo gukoresha, kibereye kubika ingufu nizindi nzego; nimbaraga za polymer bitewe nubucucike buke nigiciro gito ariko inshuro nke zo gukoresha, zibereye ipaki ya litiro. Amashanyarazi ya polymer arashobora gukoreshwa muri terefone ngendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa na kamera ya digitale; tekinoroji ya batiri-ikomeye ya tekinoroji iri murwego rwo kugerageza.
4.Ibikorwa byo gukora no gusesengura ibiciro
Bateri ya lithium yumuguzi ikoreshwa hifashishijwe selile nini ya voltage, igizwe ahanini nibikoresho byiza bya electrode nibikoresho byiza bya diaphragm. Imikorere nigiciro cyibikoresho bitandukanye bya cathode biratandukanye cyane, aho imikorere myiza yibikoresho bya cathode, igabanuka nigiciro, mugihe imikorere mibi yibikoresho bya diaphragm, nigiciro cyinshi. Dukurikije amakuru y’urusobe rw’inganda mu Bushinwa yerekana ko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ya lithium bateri nziza kandi mbi ya electrode itari 50% kugeza 60% byigiciro cyose. Ibikoresho byiza ahanini bikozwe mubintu bibi ariko igiciro cyacyo kirenga 90%, kandi hamwe nibiciro bibi byisoko ryiyongera, igiciro cyibicuruzwa cyiyongereye buhoro buhoro.
5.Ibikoresho bishyigikira ibisabwa mubikoresho
Muri rusange, ibikoresho byo guteranya batiri ya lithium birimo imashini ibumba inshinge, imashini itanga urumuri, n'umurongo urangira ushyushye, n'ibindi. mugihe ufite kashe nziza. Ukurikije umusaruro ukenewe, irashobora kuba ifite ibishusho bijyanye, kugirango tumenye neza neza ibikoresho byo gupakira (intangiriro, ibintu bibi, diaphragm, nibindi) hamwe n ibahasha. Imashini yo gutondeka: Ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutanga uburyo bwo gutondekanya bateri ya lithium yamashanyarazi, igizwe ahanini nibice bibiri byingenzi: gutondeka umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nuyobora umuvuduko mwinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-11-2022