Amerika ya ruguru nisoko rya gatatu rinini ku isi nyuma ya Aziya n'Uburayi. Amashanyarazi yimodoka muri iri soko nayo arihuta.
Ku ruhande rwa politiki, mu 2021, ubuyobozi bwa Biden bwasabye gushora miliyari 174 z'amadolari mu guteza imbere ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi. Muri byo, miliyari 15 z'amadolari ni iz'ibikorwa remezo, miliyari 45 z'amadolari y'inkunga zitandukanye z’imodoka na miliyari 14 z'amadolari yo gutera inkunga zimwe mu mashanyarazi. Kanama yakurikiyeho, ubuyobozi bwa Biden bwashyize umukono ku itegeko nyobozi risaba 50% by'imodoka zo muri Amerika kuba amashanyarazi bitarenze 2030.
Ku isoko rirangiye, tesla, GM, Ford, Volkswagen, Daimler, Stellantis, Toyota, Honda, Rivian hamwe n’andi masosiyete y’imodoka gakondo kandi nshya y’ingufu zose zasabye ingamba zikomeye zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Biteganijwe ko ukurikije intego y’ingamba zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, hateganijwe ko igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya z’amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’Amerika ryonyine rizagera kuri miliyoni 5.5 mu 2025, kandi ibikenerwa na batiri y’amashanyarazi birashobora kurenga 300GWh.
Ntagushidikanya ko amasosiyete akomeye y’imodoka ku isi azakurikiranira hafi isoko ry’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, isoko rya batiri y’amashanyarazi mu myaka mike iri imbere naryo "riziyongera".
Nyamara, isoko ntirishobora gutanga ingufu za batiri zikoreshwa murugo zishobora guhangana nabakinnyi bakomeye bo muri Aziya. Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha amashanyarazi y’imodoka zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, amasosiyete akoresha amashanyarazi ava mu Bushinwa, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo yibanze ku isoko ry’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru uyu mwaka.
By'umwihariko, amasosiyete akoresha batiri ya Koreya na Koreya arimo LG New Energy, Battery Panasonic, SK ON, na Samsung SDI yibanze kuri Amerika ya Ruguru kugirango ishoramari rizaza muri 2022.
Vuba aha, amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa nka Ningde Times, Vision Power na Guoxuan-tekinoroji yo hejuru yashyize ku rutonde iyubakwa ry’amashanyarazi muri Amerika ya Ruguru kuri gahunda yayo.
Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru byo mu mahanga bibitangaza, Ningde Times yateguye gushora miliyari 5 z'amadolari yo kubaka uruganda rukora amashanyarazi muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, rufite intego ya 80GWh, rushyigikira Abakiriya ku isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru nka Tesla. Muri icyo gihe, uruganda ruzanuzuza ibisabwa na batiri ya lithium ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu za Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.
Mu kwezi gushize, igihe cya ningde mu kwakira ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, yavuze ko isosiyete n’umukiriya baganira kuri gahunda zitandukanye zishoboka zo gutanga no gukorana, ndetse n’umusaruro ushobora gutangwa, "byongeye kandi, isosiyete yo muri Amerika abakiriya babika ingufu bifuza isoko ryaho, isosiyete izasuzuma ibintu nkubushobozi bwa bateri, ibyifuzo byabakiriya, ibiciro byumusaruro byongeye kugenwa. "
Kugeza ubu, Battery ya Panasonic, LG New Energy, SK ON na Samsung SDI yo mu Buyapani na Koreya yepfo ikomeje kongera ishoramari ry’ibihingwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru, kandi bakoresheje uburyo bwo "guhuza" n’amasosiyete y’imodoka zaho muri Amerika. Ku mishinga y'Abashinwa, nibinjira bitinze, nta gushidikanya ko bazabura igice cyibyiza byabo.
Usibye Ningde Times, Guoxuan-tekinoroji yanageze ku bufatanye n’abakiriya kandi irashaka kubaka inganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Mu Kuboza umwaka ushize, Guoxuan Won yategetse isosiyete ya CAR yashyizwe ku rutonde muri Amerika guha iyi sosiyete nibura 200GWh ya batiri y’amashanyarazi mu myaka itandatu iri imbere. Nk’uko Guoxuan abitangaza ngo aya masosiyete yombi arateganya gukora no gutanga bateri ya lithium fer fosifate yo muri Amerika kandi ikanashakisha hamwe uburyo bwo gushinga imishinga mu gihe kiri imbere.
Bitandukanye n’ibindi bibiri, bigikomeje gusuzumwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Vision Power yamaze gufata icyemezo cyo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’amashanyarazi muri Amerika. Vision Power yagiranye ubufatanye na Mercedes-Benz mu gutanga bateri z'amashanyarazi kuri EQS na EQE, ibisekuru bizaza bya Mercedes by'amashanyarazi meza ya SUV. Vision Dynamics yavuze ko izubaka uruganda rushya rwa batiri rukoresha ingufu za zeru-karubone muri Amerika ruteganya kubyaza umusaruro umusaruro mu 2025. Uru ruzaba uruganda rwa kabiri rukora amashanyarazi muri Amerika.
Hashingiwe ku iteganyagihe rizakenerwa na batiri zo kubika ingufu n’ingufu, ubushobozi buteganijwe bwa bateri ku isoko ry’ibanze ry’Ubushinwa bwarenze 3000GWh kuri ubu, kandi inganda za batiri zo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga mu Burayi zarahumutse kandi zikura vuba, kandi biteganijwe ubushobozi bwa bateri nabwo bwarenze 1000GWh. Ugereranije, isoko yo muri Amerika ya ruguru iracyari mu ntangiriro yimiterere. Gusa amasosiyete make ya batiri yaturutse mubuyapani na koreya yepfo yakoze gahunda zifatika. Mu myaka mike iri imbere, biteganijwe ko amasosiyete menshi ya batiri aturuka mu tundi turere ndetse n’amasosiyete akoresha batiri azagenda buhoro buhoro.
Hamwe nihuta ryogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kumasoko yo muri Amerika ya ruguru n’amasosiyete y’imodoka zo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, iterambere rya batiri yo kubitsa ingufu n’ingufu ku isoko ry’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru naryo rizinjira mu nzira yihuse. Muri icyo gihe, urebye ibiranga isoko ry’imodoka zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, biteganijwe ko inganda za batiri zizagaragaza ibi bikurikira igihe zashinga inganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Ubwa mbere, bizaba inzira yinganda za batiri gufatanya ninganda zimodoka zo muri Amerika ya ruguru.
Kuva aho uruganda rukora bateri rugwa muri Amerika ya ruguru, umushinga wa panasonic na tesla uhuriweho, ingufu nshya na moteri rusange, LG Stellantis ihuriweho na SK, umushinga uhuriweho na ford, icyerekezo kizaza cy’ingufu uruganda rwa kabiri muri Amerika ya ruguru narwo. biteganijwe ko izashyigikira cyane cyane mercedes-benz, ningde ibihe byamajyaruguru ya Amerika ibihingwa ni tesla prophase umukiriya nyamukuru biteganijwe, Niba Guoxuan yashinze uruganda muri Amerika ya ruguru, biteganijwe ko uruganda rwarwo rwa mbere ruzakorera cyane cyane amasosiyete y’imodoka yagiranye amasezerano.
Isoko ry’imodoka zo muri Amerika ya Ruguru rirakuze cyane, kandi umugabane w’isoko ry’amasosiyete akomeye y’imodoka uragaragara cyane, ibyo bikaba bitera ibibazo bikomeye ku mishinga ya batiri y’amahanga mu gushinga inganda no gukorana n’abakiriya. Muri iki gihe cyose abakora bateri yo muri Aziya yinyanja, ni abambere kurangiza abakiriya ba koperative, hanyuma bafatanya kubaka inganda.
2. Hariho ibintu byinshi byo gusuzuma aho uruganda ruherereye, harimo Amerika, Kanada na Mexico.
LG Ingufu Nshya, Bateri ya Panasonic, SK ON na Samsung SDI bahisemo kubaka inganda muri Amerika Amerika niyo soko rikuru ry’imodoka zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, ariko urebye ingaruka zamahugurwa y'abakozi, imikorere, ihuriro ry'abakozi n'ibindi bintu ku bwiza no igiciro, amasosiyete ya batiri atarashyira ahagaragara isoko ryamerika ya ruguru nayo azareba ibihugu birushanwe mubijyanye nakazi, inganda nibikorwa.
Kurugero, Ningde Times yabanje kwerekana ko izashyira imbere kubaka uruganda muri Mexico. "Ni byiza kubaka uruganda muri Mexico cyangwa muri Kanada; Uburyo bwo kuzana inganda zikabije ziva mu Bushinwa mu mahanga biracyoroshye." Birumvikana ko Amerika nayo irimo gutekerezwa ku gihingwa gishya.
Uyu mwaka, LG New Energy na Stellantis 'uruganda rukora imishinga muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yari i Ontario, muri Kanada. Uruganda rukora imishinga ruzatanga bateri z'amashanyarazi ku ruganda rukora imodoka rwa Stellantis muri Amerika, Kanada na Mexico.
Iii. Umurongo wa Lithium fer fosifate uzashyirwa ahagaragara ku bwinshi, kandi bateri ya lithium fer fosifate ku isoko ryo muri Amerika ya Ruguru nayo biteganijwe ko izahangana na selile nini ya nikel ternary mu gihe kiri imbere.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Battery China, LG Ingufu nshya, Bateri ya Panasonic, SK ON, iyerekwa Power hamwe nindi miyoboro mishya itanga amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’amerika yo mu majyaruguru ni bateri nyinshi za nikel ternary, aribwo gukomeza no gutondekanya umurongo wa batiri wa ternary wabaye bikomezwa namasosiyete ya bateri yo hanze.
Icyakora, uruhare rw’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa hamwe n’ibitekerezo by’ubukungu by’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’imodoka, ubushobozi bw’umusemburo wa lithium fer fosifate uzagenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro mu mishinga mishya ya batiri muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Tesla yari yarigeze gutekereza kwinjiza bateri ya lithium fer fosifate muri Amerika ya ruguru. Amakuru atugeraho avuga ko ningde inshuro nshya uruganda rushya rwo muri Amerika ya ruguru rukora cyane cyane bateri ya ternary na batiri ya fosifate ya lithium, harimo na Tesla.
Tekinoroji ya Guoxuan yabonye tekinoroji yatanzwe n’isosiyete ikora imodoka yashyizwe ku rutonde muri Amerika, biravugwa ko ari na batiri ya lithium fer fosifate, kandi aho itanga ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu gihe kiri imbere na byo bivugwa ko ahanini ari bateri ya lithium fer fosifate.
Ibigo bitwara ibinyabiziga, birimo Tesla, Ford, Volkswagen, Rivian, Hyundai n’abandi bakinnyi bakomeye ku isoko ry’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, byongera ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lisiyumu ya fosifate.
Twabibutsa ko mu myaka yashize, natwe imishinga yo kubika ingufu nayo yatangiye kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bya lithium fer fosifate biva mu nganda za batiri zo mu Bushinwa ku bwinshi. Iterambere muri rusange ry’amashanyarazi abika ingufu muri Amerika ya Ruguru rirakuze cyane, kandi icyifuzo cya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate kiriyongera cyane, kikaba gitanga umusingi mwiza wo gukoresha ejo hazaza hateri ya fosifate ya lithium.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2022