Hatitawe ku mikorere, ikiguzi cyangwa gutekereza ku mutekano, bateri zose-zikomeye-zishyirwaho na bateri ninziza nziza yo gusimbuza ingufu za fosile hanyuma amaherezo ikamenya umuhanda ujya mumodoka nshya.
Nkuwahimbye ibikoresho bya cathode nka LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 na LiFePO4, Goodenough azwi cyane mubijyanye nabateri ya lithium-ionkandi mubyukuri "se wa bateri ya lithium-ion".
Mu kiganiro giherutse gusohoka muri NatureElectronics, John B. Goodenough, ufite imyaka 96, asubiramo amateka y’ivumburwa rya batiri ya lithium-ion yongeye kwishyurwa kandi yerekana inzira igana imbere.
Mu myaka ya za 70, muri Amerika havutse ikibazo cya peteroli. Guverinoma imaze kubona ko ishingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, guverinoma yatangiye imbaraga nyinshi mu guteza imbere ingufu z'izuba n'umuyaga. Bitewe nigihe kimwe cyingufu zizuba nizuba,bateri zishobora kwishyurwaamaherezo yari akenewe kubika ayo masoko yingufu kandi asukuye.
Urufunguzo rwo guhindagura kwishyurwa no gusohora ni uguhindura imiti ya reaction!
Muri kiriya gihe, bateri nyinshi zidashobora kwishyurwa zakoreshaga lithium mbi ya electrode na electrolytike kama. Kugirango bagere kuri bateri zishishwa, buriwese yatangiye gukora kugirango asubize inyuma ya ioni ya lithium muri cathodes yicyuma ya sulfide. Stanley Whittingham wo muri ExxonMobil yavumbuye ko kwishyurwa no gusohora bidasubirwaho bishobora kugerwaho na chimie intercalation ikoresheje TiS2 igizwe nkibikoresho bya cathode, ibicuruzwa bisohoka bikaba LiTiS2.
Aka kagari, kakozwe na Whittingham mu 1976, kageze ku ntangiriro nziza. Nyamara, nyuma yo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi kwishyuza no gusohora, dendrite ya lithium yakozwe mumaselire, ikura kuva mubi ikagera kuri electrode nziza, ikora umuzunguruko mugufi ushobora gutwika electrolyte. Uku kugerageza, byongeye, byarangiye binaniwe!
Hagati aho, Goodenough, wimukiye i Oxford, yari arimo akora iperereza ku kuntu lithiyumu ishobora kwinjizwa mu bikoresho bya cathode ya LiCoO2 na LiNiO2 mbere yuko imiterere ihinduka. Mu kurangiza, bageze ku buryo budasubirwaho de-gushyiramo ibice birenga icya kabiri cya lithium bivuye mu bikoresho bya cathode.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwaje kuyobora Akira Yoshino wa AsahiKasei gutegura iyamberebateri ya lithium-ion: LiCoO2 nka electrode nziza na karubone ya grafitike nka electrode mbi. Iyi bateri yakoreshejwe neza muri terefone ngendanwa ya mbere ya Sony.
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibiciro no guteza imbere umutekano. Batiyeri yose-yongeye kwishyurwa hamwe na electrolyte isa nkicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere.
Nko mu myaka ya za 1960, abahanga mu bya shimi bo mu Burayi bakoze ibishoboka byose ngo binjize mu buryo budasubirwaho ioni ya lithium mu bikoresho by’inzibacyuho bya sulfide. Muri kiriya gihe, electrolytite isanzwe ya bateri zishobora kwishyurwa ahanini yari acide na alkaline yo mu mazi ya electrolytite nka H2SO4 cyangwa KOH. Kuberako, muri aya mashanyarazi ya electrolytite, H + ifite diffusivite nziza.
Muri kiriya gihe, bateri zihamye zishobora kwishyurwa zakozwe hamwe na NiOOH igizwe nkibikoresho bya cathode hamwe na electrolyte yo mu mazi ya alkaline ikomeye nka electrolyte. h + irashobora kwinjizwa muburyo bwa cathode ya NiOOH kugirango ibe Ni (OH) 2. ikibazo nuko electrolyte yo mumazi yagabanije voltage ya bateri, bikavamo ingufu nke.
Mu 1967, Joseph Kummer na NeillWeber bo mu Isosiyete ya Motor Motor bavumbuye ko Na + ifite imiterere ikwirakwiza muri electrolytike ceramic hejuru ya 300 ° C. Bahimbye batiri ya Na-S ishobora kwishyurwa: sodium yashongeshejwe nka electrode mbi na sulfure yashongeshejwe irimo imirongo ya karubone nka electrode nziza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bavumbuye bateri ya Na-S ishobora kwishyurwa: sodium yashongeshejwe nka electrode mbi, sulfure yashongeshejwe irimo karubone nka electrode nziza, na ceramic ikomeye nka electrolyte. Nyamara, ubushyuhe bwo gukora bwa 300 ° C bwatumye iyi bateri idashoboka gucuruza.
Mu 1986, Goodenough yatahuye bateri ya lithium yuzuye-yongeye kwishyurwa idafite ibisekuru bya dendrite ukoresheje NASICON. Kugeza ubu, litiro zose hamwe na bateri ya sodium yumuriro ushingiye kuri electrolytite ikomeye nka NASICON yaracururizwaga.
Muri 2015, MariaHelena Braga wo muri kaminuza ya Porto yerekanye kandi insuline ya piside oxyde ikomeye ya electrolyte hamwe na lithium na sodium ion itagereranywa na electrolytique kama ikoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion.
Muri make, hatitawe ku mikorere, ikiguzi cyangwa gutekereza ku mutekano, bateri zose-zikomeye-zishyirwaho na bateri ni amahitamo meza yo gusimbuza ingufu z’ibinyabuzima hanyuma amaherezo akamenya inzira igana ku binyabiziga bishya!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-25-2022